京津冀地区公共建筑中庭物理环境优化设计研究

Optimization Design of Atrium Physical Environment of Public Buildings in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

目前,公共建筑中庭物理环境舒适度不足,且建筑集成化物理性能模拟较缺失。基于中庭物理环境待优化的目的,通过Grasshopper建立集成参数化模拟平台,以光环境、热环境、风环境舒适性为评价维度,以全年热舒适小时数、采光系数、全天然自然采光百分比、眩光指数、室内平均风速为优化指标,对京津冀地区典型二、三、四向中庭的层高、中庭天窗比、窗墙比、窗台高度、走廊宽度等设计参数进行多目标优化模拟,并基于上述模拟最优解集运用Odeon对语言传输指数进行进一步筛选,分别获得优选设计参数指标,并获得以光热舒适性为目的的中庭设计参数建议。所提出的集成化模拟流程和可为建筑设计初期的中庭设计提供参考。

Atrium space is the core part of public buildings,and its physical environment indicators have always been valued by people.Reasonable design has a good passive adjustment effect on the main body of the building,which is conducive to creating a comfortable and energy-saving internal environment,while unreasonable atrium design has a huge negative impact on the overall environment.In the primary stage of architectural design,architects’ decisions often have a decisive impact on the comfort of the physical environment of the building.By adding integrated perfor mance simulation in the early design stage,we can quickly obtain simulation performance feedback,draw the relations between architectural design and simulation performance,and improve design efficiency.Building physical environment indicators mainly include light environment,thermal environment,wind environment and acoustic environment.These environmental evaluation indicators can be quantified and have the preconditions for optimization.However,due to the complex relations between the various objective functions of building performance,multi-objective optimization has become a better method to solve this problem.However,the previous information interaction between architects and professional simulation engineers is inefficient,and the simulation of physical environment is limited to one aspect of light,heat and wind environment,and there is little comprehensive parametric research.Based on the purpose of the atrium physical environment to be optimized,this paper establishes an integrated parametric simulation platform through grasshopper,taking the comfort of light environment,thermal environment and wind environment as the evaluation dimension,and taking the annual thermal comfort hours,lighting coefficient,natural lighting percentage,glare index and indoor average wind speed as the optimization indicators,analyzes the floor height,atrium skylight ratio,window wall ratio,windowsill height,the corridor width and other design parameters are simulated for multi-objective optimization,and based on the above simulated optimal solution set,Odeon is used to further screen the language transmission index to obtain the optimal design parameter indexes respectively,and the atrium design parameter suggestions for the purpose of light and heat comfort are obtained.The innovation of this paper is that for the first time,the light environment,thermal environment,wind environment and sound environment of the atrium are all taken into account,and a complete integrated optimization platform of architectural physics is proposed,which provides a reference for finding common design processes and methods in the architectural design stage.The conclusions are as follows.Firstly,the optimization process of the physical environment of the atrium of public buildings is proposed.Ladybug & honeybee & Butterfly and Octopus in the parametric design platform grasshopper are used to simulate the multi-objective optimization of the performance of the light environment,thermal environment and wind environment,and the last generation of optimal solution set is screened for the acoustic environment to obtain the optimal solution of the light,thermal,wind and acoustic environment,so as to provide real-time reference for architects.Secondly,taking the two-way,three-way and four-way atrium in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as examples,using the integrated simulation process,it is found that the best scheme obtained after the optimization of the two-way atrium is No.22.Compared with the original model,the annual thermal comfort hour ratio is increased by 2.08%,the daylighting coefficient is increased by 16.41%,the uncomfortable glare time ratio is reduced by 12.96%,the effective daylighting illumination time is increased by 121.32%,and the STI value is 0.52.The best scheme obtained after the three-way atrium optimization is No.27.Compared with the original model,the annual thermal comfort hour ratio is increased by 1.69%,the daylighting coefficient is increased by 39.11%,the uncomfortable glare time ratio is reduced by 51%,the effective daylighting illumination time is increased by 28.20%,and the STI value is 0.63.The best solution obtained after the four-way atrium optimization is No.3.The model information is that the atrium floor height is 4.8 m,the atrium skylight ratio is 0.13,and the atrium corridor width is 4 m.compared with the original model,the annual thermal comfort hour ratio is increased by 10.85%,the daylighting coefficient is reduced by 68.85%,the uncomfortable glare time ratio is reduced by 35.41%,the effective daylighting illumination time is increased by 193.33%,and the STI value is 0.6,No.21 and No.24.Thirdly,using the advantage of parameterized data processing,we get some suggestions on the design of atrium based on the light and heat performance.When the two-way atrium floor height is 6-6.5 m,the atrium skylight ratio is 0.1-0.2,the atrium south window wall ratio is 0.05-0.3,the atrium north window wall ratio is 0.2-0.3,and the atrium corridor width is 3.5-4 m,the annual thermal comfort hour ratio,UDI100-2000 value,and uncomfortable glare time ratio of the two-way atrium can reach a better level;When the three-way atrium floor height is 4.5-5 m,the south side window height is 1.6-1.7 m,and the corridor width is 3-3.5 m,the light and heat targets can reach a better level;When the height of four-way atrium is 4.5-5 m,the ratio of atrium skylight is 0.1-0.3,and the width of atrium corridor is 3.5-4 m,the light and heat targets can reach a better level.