建设韧性国土空间的总体思路研究——以南京为例

The General Idea of Building the Land Space More Resilient:Nanjing Case

全球范围内,新冠疫情、自然灾害、事故灾难等各类突发公共事件频发,建设韧性国土空间的重要性成为各国普遍共识。本文通过梳理总结国内外风险及韧性的研究现状与现存问题,构建了基于城市安全治理五维体系的韧性城市建设理论框架,并以南京为例,开展了韧性城市建设实证研究。研究提出了在大城市韧性水平提升、韧性城市建设方面的若干策略与启示,为我国开展建设韧性国土空间研究与实践提供决策参考。

Nowadays,various types of risks have surged worldwide,causing a great negative impact on the daily life of urban residents.Natural disasters and accidents occur frequently,and COVID-19 has caused huge casualties and economic and property losses.In this context,mankind needs a safer,healthier,and more sustainable environment.Therefore,the construction of resilient land space is imperative.Improving the resilience of land space is not only an urgent need for China’s development but also a positive response to improving people’s well-being and accelerating the new people-oriented urbanization.Through combing and summarizing the research on risk and resilience,this research constructed a theoretical framework based on the five-dimensional system of urban safety governance to build resilient cities.Taking Nanjing as an example,this research carried out an empirical research on the construction of resilient cities and put forward strategies and enlightenment on the improvement of the resilience of big cities and the resilient city construction,to provide decision-making references for the research and practice of resilient land space in China.At present,risk and resilience are widely valued in the international community.However,in China,catastrophe risk response needs to be improved,and there is still a large gap compared with other developed countries,which is embodied in three aspects:research object,research method,and specific practice.In terms of research objects,most of them are single disasters,and the research on the comprehensive response to multiple disasters is insufficient,lacking a more overall and macro grasp.In terms of research methods,the choice of methods or ideas for specific research objects requires more in-depth thinking and research according to the actual situation.In terms of specific practice,China has not yet formed a mature and perfect resilient development path in the process of urban planning,construction,and operation.To build resilient land space,a clear overall framework is required.This framework should be based on a scientific macro system,with a correct and clear overall idea as the overall guidance.At the same time,corresponding specific tasks should be determined at different stages for different planning levels,to ensure that the concept of resilience runs through the whole process and effectively promote the specific implementation of the construction of resilient land space.The overall framework of resilient land space construction proposed in this research regards urban safety as a nested five-dimensional system composed of governance subjects,governance levels,governance elements,object insurances,and governance processes.Combined with the collection,collation,investigation,and investigation of relevant data of specific cities,the various disaster risks,and resilience levels are scientifically evaluated,and spatial and non-spatial strategies and suggestions for urban safety and high-quality development are put forward.Based on the vulnerability evaluation with the population density,average GDP,and building seismic capacity as indicators,this research evaluated various disasters affecting Nanjing concludes from the aspects of earthquakes,geological disasters,floods,meteorological disasters,fires,public health emergencies,production safety accidents,etc.To understand the overall situation of the resilient city construction in Nanjing,this research built a comprehensive resilience index system consisting of economic resilience,social resilience,environmental resilience,community resilience,infrastructure resilience,and organizational resilience.The weight of indicators was calculated through the entropy weight method combined with AHP analytic hierarchy process.The results of the evaluation of resilient city construction in Nanjing are as follows:1) the level of resilient city construction in Nanjing does not match the degree of social and economic development,and there is a certain gap with high resilient cities such as Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,and Shenzhen.2) Significant spatial differentiation of urban resilience exists in Nanjing,and the resilience level of the central urban area is higher than that of the urban-rural fringe.3) The construction of a disaster prevention community is absent,and the resilience of the community shows a downward trend.4) The distribution of ecological resources is uneven,and the ecological background is relatively fragile.5) Residents believe that the city’s disaster management capacity is still insufficient,and they are more worried about non-natural disasters.The following strategies and enlightenment can be obtained from the ideas and practice of the resilient land space construction:1) perfecting the top-level design of the resilient city construction;2) coordinating the elements of urban safety governance;3) strengthening the foundation of the resilient city construction;4) practically improving the construction of community-level disaster prevention system;5) building a diversified governance body of urban safety.