营口海岸带土地利用及景观格局35年变化

Land use and landscape pattern changes of Yingkou Coastal Zone over the past 35 Years

营口沿海产业基地是“兴辽计划”和振兴东北的重要支点,其经济发展与海岸带变迁的耦合机制亟需海岸带土地利用和景观格局的变化足迹,以便深入理解海岸城市与经济发展协同演进过程。以面向对象的分类器为主辅以人工解译,提取营口海岸带1984—2018年间30m土地利用信息,采用土地转移矩阵和景观格局指数分析土地利用和景观格局变化趋势,通过主成分分析法探讨诱发变化的关键驱动因素。结果表明:(1)土地利用类型1984—1992年以耕地和盐田变化为主发展到1993—2006年建设用地激增的趋势,具有从农耕为主到城市化的鲜明时代特征;(2)土地利用类型间的逐年转化程度各不相同,其中1993—1995年、2006—2007年、2011—2015年耕地和低效盐田向建设用地的转入最为突出;(3)景观格局总体上斑块趋于分散, 2004年后破碎化加剧,并呈现以建设用地和耕地为区域基质,其他景观周围分布的模式;(4)人口和经济政策因素在营口市海岸带土地利用方式转变过程中具有明显驱动效应。尤其“以港兴市”、耕地占补平衡、沿海产业基地建设等政策驱动当地土地利用倾向性的变化方向。合理调整土地利用结构,优化景观布局,充分利用沿海地理优势的同时更应着眼于可持续发展,致力经济、社会和生态效益相统一。

Yingkou coastal industrial base is an important fulcrum for the "The Plan of Prospering Liaoning" and the revitalization of northeast China. The coupling mechanism of economic development and coastal zone changes is in urgent need of the change footprint of coastal zone land use and landscape pattern to understand the coordinated evolution process of coastal city and economic development. We focus on the coastal zone of Yingkou to extract the 30 m annual land use map during 1984-2018 using the object-oriented classifier combined with artificial interpretation, analyze the temporal trend of changes in land use and landscape pattern through the land transfer matrix and landscape pattern index, and investigate the driving factors induced such changes by Principal Component Analysis(PCA). Results showed that:(1) The land use change in 1984-1992 was mainly farmland and salt pan, but it changed to the trend of a sharp increase in construction land in 1993-2006, which had the distinctive characteristics of the era from farming to urbanization.(2) The degree of conversion among land use types varied year by year, among which the transfer of farmland and low-efficiency salt pan to construction land was the most prominent from 1993 to 1995, 2006 to 2007, and 2011 to 2015.(3) The landscape pattern was generally patchy and fragmented, with fragmentation intensifying after 2004, and showing a pattern with construction land and farmland as the regional matrix and other landscapes distributed around it.(4) Population and economic policy factors had an obvious driving effect in the process of land use change in the coastal zone of Yingkou city. In particular, the policies of "rejuvenating the city with the harbor", the balance of farmland occupation and compensation, and the construction of coastal industrial bases drive the direction of change of local land use tendencies. Rational adjustment of land use structure,optimization of the landscape layout, making full use of the geographical advantages of the coast are needed;meanwhile we should focus on sustainable development, and strive to unify economic, social and ecological benefits.