黄河口湿地生态网络构建与评价

Construction and evaluation of the Yellow River Estuary wetland ecological network

构建生态网络能够有效连接破碎的生境,对保护物种多样性具有重要意义。以黄河口为研究区域,利用最小耗费距离模型和重力模型构建黄河口湿地“三横两竖”的生态网络框架,并基于景观连通性指数法、廊道土地利用类型分析法和网络结构分析法对黄河口湿地生态网络进行了评价。研究结果表明:(1)通过构建生态网络,生境源地的的IIC和PC分别提高到之前的4.5倍和8.6倍,各生境源地的斑块重要性较为均衡。(2)不同生境源地之间相互关系密切程度随着距离和面积的变化存在差异。(3)黄河口湿地生态网络的α指数为0.4396,β指数为1.8125,γ指数为0.6304,具有较大优化提升空间。(4)草本沼泽和灌丛湿地是生境源地主要景观组成,盐沼湿地、草本沼泽和灌丛湿地是构成生态廊道的优势景观,分别占生态网络景观组成的31.23%、23.86%和17.30%。黄河口湿地生态网络的构建对黄河口湿地生态保护和保护区规划有重要的参考价值。

The construction of ecological network can effectively connect fragmented habitats and is of great significance to the protection of species diversity. In this study, we constructed the ecological network framework of the Yellow River Estuary(YRE) wetland by using the minimum cost distance model and the gravity model. Then, we evaluated the quality of wetland ecological network in the YRE by using landscape connectivity index, corridor land use type analysis and network structure analysis. The research results showed that:(1) The closeness of the relationship between different habitat sources varied with distance and area.(2) The alpha index of the Yellow River Estuary wetland ecological network was 0.4396, the beta index was 1.8125, and the gamma index was 0.6304, which had a lot of room for optimization and improvement.(3)Herb swamps and shrub wetlands were the main landscape components of the habitat source. Salt marsh wetlands, herb swamps and shrub wetlands were the dominant landscapes that constitute ecological corridors, accounting for 31.23%,23.86% and 17.30% of the ecological network landscape composition respectively.(4) Through the construction of an ecological network, the IIC and PC of natural wetlands had been increased by 4.5 times and 8.6 times respectively. The importance of patches in each habitat source was relatively balanced. Our study is expected to contribute to the protection and planning of ecology of the YRE.