土壤动物影响腐殖质组型的研究进展

Advances in the influence of soil fauna on the humus forms research

腐殖质组型是土壤剖面中有机质累积层的总和,是由土壤生物群分解有机残体和形成腐殖质的形态特征所定义。活性不同的腐殖质组型受到不同土壤动物功能类群的影响,这导致了特定腐殖质组型的形成。在同一腐殖质组型下,不同功能类群土壤动物的取食、搅拌、搬运等行为特性导致了腐殖质组型各诊断层厚度、过渡性、有机质的分解程度的变化,在不同腐殖质组型下,土壤动物群落结构如丰富度、多样性、垂直结构变化是其鉴别依据。而土壤动物介导的团聚体形成和凋落物分解与腐殖化等生态功能是腐殖质组型的形成前提。现有研究已表明腐殖质组型的变化对土壤肥力和生态系统恢复程度具有一定的指示作用,在此基础上,对腐殖质组型与土壤动物生态功能、土壤动物群落结构、腐殖质模型等方面进行了展望。

The humus forms are the sum of the accumulation layers of organic matter in the soil profile, which is defined by the morphological characteristics of soil biota to decompose organic residues and form humus. The humus forms with different activity are affected by different functional groups of soil fauna, which leads to the formation of specific humus forms. Under the same humus form, the behavior of soil fauna in different functional groups, such as feeding, stirring and transporting, results in the change of the thickness, transition and decomposition degree of organic matter in each diagnostic layer. Under different humus forms, the changes of soil fauna community structure such as richness, diversity and vertical structure are the basis for the identification. The ecological functions of soil fauna mediated aggregate formation, litter decomposition and humification are the prerequisite for the formation of humus forms. The existing studies have shown that the study on the changes of humus forms have a certain indicator effect on soil fertility and ecosystem restoration. On this basis, the prospect of humus forms and soil animal ecological function, soil animal community structure, humus model and so on are prospected.