方苞遭乾隆罢黜深层缘由探微

An Analysis of the Reasons Why FangBao was Deposed by Qianlong

方苞历经康雍乾三朝,深得康熙赏识、雍正宠信。他在乾隆朝为官七年,以乾隆四年为界,乾隆对方苞的态度发生了极大的改变,初加恩宠,后予罢黜。方苞落职的缘由,《清史稿·方苞传》记载有三件事,关涉“营私”“泄密”“请托”,引起乾隆震怒。然深入探析这三件事,其中有方苞难以言说的苦衷,或是触及“朋党”和“用人之权”等清廷皇权专制大忌,而根本上则是方苞与臣僚矛盾不断激化的必然结果。今学者陈祖武评价方苞,则有失公允。

During the three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, Fang Bao was deeply appreciated by Kangxi and favored by Yongzheng. He served as an official for seven years during the reign of Qianlong, in the fourth year of Qianlong as the boundary, Qianlong favored Fang Bao at first, and later removed him from office. The reason for Fang Bao’s falling from office related to three things, they are about "Feather one’s nest", "Let out a secret", "Request another’s help", which recorded in "Manuscript of Qing Dynasty history · Fang Bao biography".These things caused Qianlong’s anger. However, However, in-depth analysis of these three things, Fang Bao had his unspeakable difficulties,which was touched on the imperial autocratic taboos of the Qing Dynasty, such as "friends" and "the right to employ people". But the deep cause was the inevitable result between Fang Bao and his officials. Chen Zuwu’s evaluation of Fangbao is too subjective and unfair.