NFT数字作品的传播权困境与解释论应对

The Dilemma of the Application of the Right of Communication of NFT DigitalWorks and the Solution of Interpretative Theory

NFT具有非同质化特征,可使作品在数字环境中生成的虚拟载体被唯一特定,从而为作品虚拟载体的所有权提供证明。NFT的出现可能对传统著作权法中的传播权权利认定带来挑战,对NFT数字作品的铸造、销售、展览行为认定不同于传统数字作品。NFT的铸造类似于深层链接,可类比适用“实质提供”标准将其认定为信息网络传播。NFT数字作品的网络销售不属于信息网络传播,而应被认定为发行行为,适用发行权用尽原则。NFT数字艺术品的高价购买者应拥有将其现场公开展示之权利,可以将此种行为认定为展览,并通过“限量认定+公示”方法将该件认定为原件,从而使其适用展览权例外规定。

NFT has the characteristics of non homogeneity,which can make the virtual carrier generated by works in the digital environ-ment uniquely specific,so as to provide proof of the ownership of the virtual carrier of works.The emergence of NFT may bring challenges to the identification of communication rights in traditional copyright law.The identification of casting,sales and exhibition of NFT digital works is different from traditional digital works.The casting of NFT is similar to deep link,which can be identified as information network communica-tion by analogy with the application of the"substantial provision"standard.The network sales of NFT digital works do not belong to information network communication,but should be recognized as distribution behavior,and the principle of exhaustion of distribution right is applicable.High priced purchasers of NFT digital works of art should have the right to publicly display them on site.We can recognize such behavior as an exhibition,and recognize the piece as an original through the method of"limited recognition+publicity",so as to make it applicable to the ex-ception of exhibition right.