行间生草对冀西北杏园果实发育期土壤水分及果实产量、品质的影响

Effects of Grass between Rows on Soil Moisture,Fruit Yield and Quality during Fruit Development Period in Apricot Orchard in Northwest Hebei Province

为改变冀西北杏园传统的土壤管理模式,探明行间生草对土壤水分的作用,试验以自然生草和种植紫花苜蓿为处理,以清耕为对照(CK),研究连续行间生草5 a对金硕杏果实发育期土壤水分及果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明,行间生草能够有效提高金硕杏果实发育期0~60 cm土层土壤含水量,种植苜蓿处理在开花期、幼果期、果实膨大期土壤含水量最高,分别较CK提高了13.97%、48.15%和40.23%,成熟期及采收后土壤含水量则以自然生草处理最高,分别较CK提高了23.07%和26.45%;从整个杏树果实生长期看,各处理土壤含水量在幼果期最大,果实成熟期最小;行间生草在提高金硕杏的果实产量与品质方面效果明显,其中,种植苜蓿、自然生草的单果质量分别较CK提高了8.16%和5.28%,单株产量分别较CK提高了11.19%和9.97%;与CK相比,自然生草、种植苜蓿处理的杏果可溶性固形物含量分别提高了17.07%和15.57%,可滴定酸含量分别降低了20.79%、16.83%。因此,行间生草在提高杏树园土壤水分及果实产量、品质方面效果明显,适宜在冀西北杏园大力推广,从成本方面考虑,自然生草优于种植苜蓿。

In order to change the traditional soil management model of apricot orchard in Northwest Hebei province and explore the effects of grass between grows on soil moisture,in this study,the influences of grass between rows for 5 consecutive years on soil moisture,fruit yield and quality of Jinshuo apricot during fruit development period were studied with natural grass and alfalfa planting mode as treatments and cleaning tillage mode as the control(CK).The results showed that grass between rows could effectively increase the soil water content in 0-60 cm soil layer during fruit development period of Jinshuo apricot.Compared with the cleaning tillage mode(CK),the soil water content of alfalfa planting treatment was the highest at flowering stage,young fruit stage,and fruit expansion stage,which was 13.97%,48.15%,and 40.23%higher than that of the cleaning tillage mode(CK),respectively.The soil water content of natural grass treatment was the highest at mature stage and post harvest,which was 23.07%and 26.45%higher than that of the cleaning tillage mode(CK),respectively.The soil water content of each treatment was the largest at young fruit stage and the smallest at fruit maturity stage during the whole fruit growth period of apricot.The effects of grass between rows were obvious on improving the fruit yield and quality of Jinshuo apricot,compared with CK,the single fruit quality of the treatments of alfalfa planting and natural grass increased by 8.16%and 5.28%respectively,and the single plant yield increased by 11.19%and 9.97%respectively.Compared with CK,the soluble solid content of the treatments of natural grass and alfalfa planting increased by 17.07%and 15.57%respectively,and the titratable acid content decreased by 20.79%and 16.83%respectively.Therefore,grass between rows could effectively improve soil moisture and fruit yield and quality in apricot orchard,it was suitable for large-scale extension in apricot orchard in Northwest Hebei.Considering from cost,natural grass was better than alfalfa planting.