气象因子对山西省鲜食葡萄品质的影响

Effect of Meteorological Factors on Quality of Table Grapes in Shanxi Province

基于2020年山西省中南部5个供试栽培点(文水县、清徐县、(西)马峪、太原市小店区、太谷县)鲜食葡萄生长物候期及对应生育期的温度、湿度、降水、日照等气象观测资料,探究气象因子对鲜食葡萄果实品质指标的影响,为山西省鲜食葡萄选育、栽培提供一定指导,提升山西省生产优质鲜食葡萄动力;并利用线性相关分析、多元回归分析探究气象因子与成熟果实品质指标之间的关系,对成熟鲜食葡萄果实品质进行主成分分析、综合品质评价。结果表明,对鲜食葡萄果实品质影响较大的气象因素有果实膨大期的有效积温、日照时数、气温日较差,浆果着色期平均湿度、有效积温,浆果成熟期有效积温,全生长期累计降水量。借助主成分分析法,对果实品质进行评价,结果显示,综合得分最高的是太谷县露地栽培巨峰葡萄;供试葡萄品种中,品质最佳的为早黑宝,品质最佳的鲜食葡萄往往并非是含糖量最高或总酸量最低,而是糖酸比、固酸比适宜的葡萄具有更高的品质。5个县区中文水县更适合避雨棚栽培早黑宝,清徐县、(西)马峪、小店区适合温室大棚种植早黑宝,太谷县露地栽培早黑宝、巨峰均有较高品质;巨峰葡萄最适宜栽培模式为露地栽培,早黑宝为温室大棚,龙眼为避雨棚。

In this study,based on the phenological period of table grape growth and the meteorological observation data such as temperature,humidity,precipitation,and sunshine during in the corresponding growth period in five test sites(Wenshui county,Qingxu county,(West)Mayu,Xiaodian district in Taiyuan city,and Taigu county)in central and southern Shanxi province in 2020,the effect of meteorological factors on the fruit quality indexes of table grapes was explored to provide guidance for the breeding and cultivation of table grapes in Shanxi province,and improve the power of producing high-quality table grapes in Shanxi province.Linear correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to explore the relationship between meteorological factors and quality indexes of ripe fruit,and principal component analysis and comprehensive quality evaluation were carried out on the fruit quality of ripe table grapes.The results showed taht meteorological factors affecting fruit quality of table grapes were effective accumulated temperature,sunshine hours,and daily temperature difference during the fruit expansion period,the average humidity and effective accumulated temperature during berry coloring period,effective accumulated temperature during the berry maturation period,and the accumulated precipitation during the whole growing period.With the help of principal component analysis,the fruit quality was evaluated.The results showed that the highest comprehensive score was Kyoho grapes cultivated in the open field in Taigu county.Among the grape varieties tested,Zaoheibao had the best quality.It could be seen from the research that table grapes with the best quality were often not the ones with the highest sugar content or the lowest total acid content,but the ones with suitable ratio of sugar to acid,ratio of solid acid,and higher quality.In the 5 counties and districts sampled in this study,Wenshui county was more suitable for cultivating Zaoheibao in shelters.Qingxu county,(West)Mayu,and Xiaodian districts were suitable for growing Zaoheibao in greenhouses.The open field cultivation of Zaoheibao and Kyoho in Taigu county were of high quality.The most suitable cultivation mode for Kyoho grapes,Zaoheibao,and Longyan was open field cultivation,the greenhouse,and the rain shelter,repectively.