“非升即走”:舶来品与中国土壤的适应性

“Up-or-Out”:Adaptability of Imported Mechanism to Chinese Soil

美国大学“非升即走”“终身教席”制是高校通过较长的学术观察期筛选和甄别人才,优胜劣汰,赋予合格者以终身的职业安全保障,为创新性科学研究营造宽松的氛围。我国高校自引进该制度以来争议不断,教师的“走”显得异常艰难,究其原因,是中美两国传统体制、社会环境和社会观念、产业界对博士生吸纳能力差异所致,也与我国学术劳动力市场开放不完全和“非升即走”强化“竞争”相关。在我国普通大学推行“非升即走”政策需慎重;在重点大学,应提高“非升即走”“留”下教师的比重;同时,强化对博士生可迁移能力的培养,促进博士毕业生就业的多元化。

The up-or-out"or tenure-track"system in American universities is a mechanism of screening and identifying talents through a long-term academic observation so as to survive the fittest and endow qualified candidates with life-long occupational safety guarantees.It is conducive to creating a relaxed atmosphere for innovative scientific research in American situation.Since its introduction into Chinese universities,there have been constant disputes over it.It is extremely difficult for a teacher to leave"when he is out".The reason lies in the differences between China and the United States in their traditional systems,social environment,social concepts,and the ability of the industry to absorb doctoral students.It is also related to incomplete opening of the academic labor market as well as strong competition"caused by the up-or-out"mechanism.Therefore,in ordinary universities in our country,it is necessary to be cautious in adopting the up-or-out"mechanism,while in key universities,we must increase the proportion of retained teachers.At the same time,the transferability of doctoral students should be strengthened to promote the diversification of their employment.