芬兰应用科学大学硕士学位教育的实践特征与发展困境探究

Master Degree Education in the Finnish Universities of Applied Sciences:Practical Characteristics and Developmental Plights

20世纪90年代,芬兰应用科学大学的成立标志着芬兰高等教育双元制的形成。芬兰应用科学大学于2005年实施新一轮改革,开始硕士学位教育。应用科学大学的硕士学位教育属于专业学位教育,有着鲜明的实践特征:人才培养目标定位于以工作为导向;重视不同类型知识体系的交汇学习;强调通用能力及学科特定能力培养。在推进硕士学位教育过程中,芬兰应用科学大学面临如下困境:专业硕士学位发展认可度不高;专业硕士在就业竞争中处于劣势;专业硕士教育缺乏学术研究优势。如何纾解专业硕士教育发展困局、深化专业硕士教育改革,这不仅是芬兰需要面对的,也是我国专业硕士教育需要加以反思的。

In the 1990s,the establishment of the Finnish universities of applied sciences marked the formation of a dual-system higher education in Finland.In 2005,these universities implemented a new round of reform and started the master degree education program,which is professionally oriented with distinctive practical characteristics.The training goal of this program is oriented towards practical work;the program focuses on the intersection of different types of knowledge systems;and the stress is laid on the development of general and discipline-specific competencies.In the process of promoting this program,the Finnish universities of applied sciences are facing the following difficulties:the development of professionally oriented master degree is not well recognized;the graduates are at a disadvantage in employment competition;the professionally oriented master degree education lacks the advantages in academic research.How to dissolve the plights in the development of professional master's education and to deepen the reform of professional master's education is not only an issue that Finland needs to solve but also an issue on which China's professional master's education needs to reflect.