约翰逊政府对德军事补偿谈判述论

The Johnson Administration’s Negotiation of Military Compensation to Germany

驻德美军的长期固守是美国欧洲冷战战略之关键,进入20世纪60年代,美德围绕驻德美军开支分配矛盾升腾,肯尼迪政府开启美德军事补偿问题谈判,谋求减少驻军开支,舒缓国际收支困境。约翰逊政府萧规曹随,经过内部协调改变先前军事补偿策略,联合英国一同对德谈判,督促西德扩大购买美英军品和公债,促使西德不将所持美元兑换成黄金,另通过“双重基地”模式部分削减驻德美军。约翰逊政府对德军事补偿谈判及相关协定暂时舒缓了美德就驻军开支的矛盾,缓解了美元货币体系的“特里芬困境”,维稳了美德同盟,但谈判过程中对西德国家利益的冲击亦深化了波恩的战略自主认知,凸显布雷顿森林体系下美国对欧提供安全公共产品与维稳美元币值之间的战略两难。约翰逊政府处理军事补偿问题的遗留点直至尼克松政府宣布布雷顿森林体系终结后才告一段落,但围绕驻军开支分配的纠葛长期构成美国及其盟友关系中的深层抵牾。

The long-term adherence of the U.S.military in Germany is the key to the U.S.-Europe cold war strategy.In the 1960s,the contradiction between the United States and Germany around the expenditure distribution of the U.S.military in Germany aggravated.The Kennedy Administration opened the negotiation on military compensation,seeking to reduce the expenditure of the U.S.military and alleviate the dilemma of balance of international payments.After internal coordination,the Johnson Administration changed its previous military compensation strategy,joined Britain in negotiations with Germany,urged West Germany to expand the purchase of U.S.and British military products and government bonds,urged West Germany not to convert its US dollars into gold,and partially reduced the US military in Germany through the“dual base”model.The Johnson Administration’s military compensation negotiations and related agreements with Germany temporarily eased the contradiction between the United States and Germany on garrison expenditure,alleviated the“Triffin Dilemma”of the dollar monetary system and stabilized the U.S.-Germany Alliance.However,the impact on the national interests of West Germany during the negotiation also deepened Bohn’s strategic independent cognition,highlighting the strategic dilemma between the United States providing safe public goods to Europe and maintaining the value of the dollar under the Bretton Woods system.The legacy of the Johnson Administration in dealing with the issue of military compensation did not come to the end until the Nixon Administration announced the end of the Bretton Woods system.However,the disputes over the distribution of garrison expenditure have long constituted a deep contradiction in the relationship between the United States and its allies.