花生属野生资源基因组大小及遗传多样性分析

Genome Size and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wild Arachis Species

栽培花生是异源四倍体,其遗传背景相对狭窄。花生野生种遗传多样性丰富,利用野生种优异的基因资源是花生遗传改良和突破性品种培育的重要途径。然而,花生野生资源遗传多样性和基因组方面的研究相对滞后,制约了其在花生遗传改良中的应用。本研究利用SSR标记对9个野生近缘种和1个栽培种进行遗传多样性分析和聚类分析,共检测到33个变异位点,变幅为3~6个,平均每个标记4.7个;同时,利用流式细胞仪对4个未知基因组大小的野生花生进行测定,结果显示,A.duranensis(PI sesn2848)、A.cardenasis(PI 262141)、A.batizocoi(Grif15032)、A.monticola(PI 468199)的基因组大小分别为1.26、1.61、1.25、2.78 Gb。本研究结果可为野生花生的鉴定和评价、基因组测序、重要性状的遗传解析及在育种中的应用提供了参考。

Cultivated peanut is allotetraploid with a narrow genetic background,while the genetic diversity of wild peanut species is wide.The utilization of excellent gene resources of wild peanuts is an important way for genetic improvement and breakthrough cultivar breeding of peanut.However,the researches on genetic diversity and genome of wild peanuts were rare,which restricts their application in peanut genetic improvement.In this study,the genetic diversity and cluster analyses of nine wild peanuts and one cultivated peanut were carried out using SSR molecular markers.A total of 33 alleles were detected with a range of 3~6 alleles and the mean as 4.7.Meanwhile,the genome size of A.duranensis(PI sesn2848),A.cardenasis(PI 262141),A.batizocoi(Grif15032) and A.monticola(PI 468199) were detected by flow cytometry as 1.26,1.61,1.25 and 2.78 Gb,respectively.These results could provide references for identification,evaluation,genome sequencing,genetic analysis of key characters and application in peanut breeding of wild germplasm resources.