刈割对油莎豆碳氮积累以及产量和品质的影响

Effects of clipping on carbon and nitrogen accumulation,yield and quality of Cyperus esculentus L.

为明确刈割对油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus L.)地上部碳氮积累、生物量、地下部块茎产量和品质的影响,寻求适宜留茬高度,以新疆沙区油莎豆为研究对象,比较6个不同留茬高度(LC10、LC20、LC30、LC40、LC50和未刈割)下油莎豆地上部碳氮积累及产量和品质的差异。结果表明:刈割后第1天,LC50有利于叶片碳氮含量的积累,碳、氮含量分别达到22.79%和1.65%;刈割后第5天至20天,LC10和LC20叶片碳氮含量急剧下降;刈割后第5天和第10天,LC40的全碳和全氮含量高于其他处理,分别为39.78%、38.39%和1.48%、2.12%。LC40地上部干草质量和干豆质量最大,分别为4310.39 kg·hm^(-2)和8208.90 kg·hm^(-2),且LC40块茎淀粉、粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量以及含油量显著高于其他处理,增幅分别为38.6%、28.8%、6.0%、22.44%,此外,该留茬高度下油莎豆块茎中不饱和脂肪酸油酸含量高达74.10%,明显高于其他处理。LC10块茎中总糖与粗灰分含量最高,分别达到44.4%和2.3%,且块茎中棕榈酸、硬脂酸、棕榈油酸、亚麻酸和亚油酸含量相对其他处理较高,分别为14.00%、2.99%、0.28%、0.42%、11.21%。综上所述,留茬高度40 cm为适宜刈割高度,利于提高新疆沙区油莎豆的产量和品质。

To clarify the effects of clipping on aboveground carbon and nitrogen accumulation and biomass and underground tuber yield and quality of Cyperus esculentus L.,and further seek a suitable stubble height,in this study,we compared the carbon and nitrogen accumulation,yield,and quality of Cyperus esculentus L.with different stubble heights(10 cm,20 cm,30 cm,40 cm,50 cm and uncut)in the sandy area of Xinjiang.The results showed that LC50 promoted the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen content in leaves on the first day after clipping,the carbon and nitrogen contents were 22.79%and 1.65%,respectively.From day 5 to 20 after clipping,the carbon and nitrogen contents of LC10 and LC20 decreased sharply.On the 5 th and 10 th days after clipping,the total carbon and nitrogen contents of LC40 was higher than other treatments,which were 39.78%,38.39%and 1.48%,2.12%,respectively.The hay weight and tuber yield of LC40 were the largest,which were 4310.39 kg·hm^(-2)and 8208.90 kg·hm^(-2)respectively,and the starch,crude protein,crude fat,and oil contents of LC40 in tubers were significantly higher than other treatments,which were 38.6%,28.8%,6.0%and 22.44%respectively.In addition,the unsaturated fatty acid oleic acid content of LC40 in tubers was as high as 74.10%,which was significantly higher than other treatments.The total sugar and crude ash contents of LC10 in tubers were significantly higher than other treatments(P<0.05),reaching 44.4%and 2.3%,respectively.The palmitic acid,stearic acid,arachidic acid,palmitoleic acid,linolenic acid,and linoleic acid contents of LC10 in tubers were higher than other treatments,which were 14.00%,2.99%,0.28%,0.42%and 11.21%,respectively.In summary,the 40 cm stubble was a suitable clipping height,which was beneficial to improving the yield and quality of the local Cyperus esculentus L..