产业集聚、技术创新对奶牛养殖业环境效率的影响研究

Study on effects of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation on environmental efficiency of dairy cattle breeding industry

为进一步推动我国奶牛养殖业高质量发展,本研究基于2009—2018年我国27个省(市、自治区)奶牛养殖面板数据,首先运用非期望产出SBM模型测算奶牛养殖业环境效率,再分别运用面板回归模型和格兰杰因果检验分析产业集聚和技术创新对奶牛养殖业环境效率的影响及产业集聚与技术创新的相互关系,最后运用中介效应模型分析人力资本在产业集聚、技术创新对奶牛养殖业环境效率影响中的中介效应。结果表明:2009—2018年我国27个省(市、自治区)的奶牛养殖业环境效率平均值为0.68。产业集聚和环境效率之间存在倒U型的非线性关系,技术创新在1%统计性水平上对奶牛养殖业环境效率产生显著的负向影响,且产业集聚对技术创新产生的“产污效应”具有放大作用,产业集聚与技术创新的交互作用对奶牛养殖业环境效率的影响不显著。产业集聚与技术创新并非相互作用,产业集聚能够促进技术创新水平的提高,而技术创新对产业集聚的推动作用不明显。产业集聚对奶牛养殖业环境效率的影响仅存在直接效应,技术创新对奶牛养殖业环境效率的间接效应不是“中介效应”而是“遮掩效应”,技术创新可通过提高人力资本水平而从一定程度上缓解其对奶牛养殖业环境效率产生负向影响。鉴于此,笔者提出以下政策建议:合理提高奶牛养殖产业集聚水平;促进奶牛养殖企业绿色环保技术研发;发挥技术创新与产业集聚的协同作用;提高产业集聚区域内的人力资本水平。

In order to further promote the high-quality development of dairy farming in China,based on the panel data of dairy farming in 27 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2009 to 2018,the Undesirable-SBM model was first used to measure the environmental efficiency of dairy farming in this study.Then,panel regression model and granger causality test were used to analyze the impact of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation on environmental efficiency of the dairy farming industry and the interrelationship between industrial agglomeration and technology innovation,respectively.Finally,the model of a mediation effect was used to analyze the mediating effect of human capital in the impact of industrial agglomeration and technological innovation on environmental efficiency in dairy farming.The results showed that the average environmental efficiency of dairy farming in 27 provinces(municipalities and autonomous regions)was 0.68 from 2009 to 2018.There was an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between industrial agglomeration and environmental efficiency.Technical innovation had a significant negative impact on the environmental efficiency of dairy farming at the statistical level of 1%and indus-trial agglomeration had a magnifying effect on the“pollution effect”caused by technological innovation.The interaction between industrial agglomeration and technological innovation has no effect on the environmental efficiency of dairy farming.The relationship between industrial agglomeration and technological innovation was not mutual.Industrial agglomeration can promote the improvement of technological innovation level,but technological innovation has no obvious promoting effect on industrial agglomeration.Industrial agglomeration has only a direct effect on the environmental efficiency of dairy farming,but technological innovation had no obvious effect on industrial agglomeration.Industrial agglomeration had only a direct effect on the environmental efficiency of dairy farming.The indirect effect of human capital on technological innovation and environmental efficiency of dairy farming was not a“mediating effect”,but a“hiding effect”.Technological innovation can alleviate its negative impact on environmental efficiency of dairy farming to some extent by improving human capital level.In view of this,policy suggestions such as reasonably improving the agglomeration level of dairy farming industry,promoting the research and development of green environmental protection technology for dairy farming enterprises,giving full play to the synergistic effect of technological innovation and industrial agglomeration,and improving the level of human capital in the industrial agglomeration areas were put forward by the author.