《通用规范汉字表》不成词语素字统计与思考——兼谈汉字三记说和汉字的性质

Statistics of and Reflection on the Non-Individual Morpheme Characters of the General and Standard Chinese Characters Table:Also on the Functions and Nature of Chinese Characters

统计表明,《通用规范汉字表》8105字中有非语素字1605个,不成词语素字771个,可成词语素字5729个。汉字具有记录汉语单音节词、记录汉语合成词中单音节语素、记录汉语多音节单纯词中的音节等三项功能。如果着眼于“用一个汉字记写什么”,则汉字的性质可以表述为:汉字是记录汉语单音节词、合成词中单音节语素、多音节单纯词中音节的书面符号系统。如果不局限于一个汉字记什么,则汉字的性质也可以表述为:汉字是单字记录汉语单音节词、多字组合记录汉语多音节词的书面符号系统。

There are 1605 non-word characters,771 non-individual morpheme characters and 5729 morpheme characters in the total 8105 characters of the General and Standard Chinese Characters Table.Chinese characters have three functions:recording monosyllabic words,recording monosyllabic morphemes in compound words,and recording syllables in multi-syllabic simple words.From the perspective of“denotation of character”,the nature of Chinese characters can be defined as:Chinese characters are a written symbol system to record the monosyllabic words,monosyllabic morphemes in compound words and syllables in multisyllabic simple words.If it is not limited to the denotation of characters,its nature can also be described as:Chinese characters are a written symbol system in which single characters record monosyllabic words,and multi-character combinations record multisyllabic words.