静电纺丝纳米纤维基吸声材料的研究进展

Research progress of electrospinning nanofiber-based sound-absorbing materials

噪声污染严重危害着人们的生理和心理健康,静电纺丝纳米纤维材料是优良的吸声降噪材料。基于此,针对静电纺丝纳米纤维基吸声材料展开综述。阐述了静电纺丝纳米纤维材料被广泛应用于吸声领域的原因:静电纺丝技术设备简单、原料丰富、工艺可控且成本低廉,纳米纤维材料具有高比表面积、高孔隙率的吸声特征;简述了该材料的吸声原理、影响因素和测试方法;综合论述了基于静电纺丝纳米纤维改善材料吸声性能的3种方式:复合结构、材料改性和静电纺丝纳米纤维气凝胶。

Noise pollution is a serious threat to people’s physical and mental health. Electrospinning nanofiber materials are excellent sound-absorbing and noise-reducing materials. Based on this, a review of electrospinning nanofiber-based sound-absorbing materials is launched. First, the reason why electrospinning nanofiber materials are widely used in the field of sound absorption is explained: electrospinning technology involves simple equipment, abundant raw materials, controllable technology and low cost. Nanofiber materials have the sound absorption characteristics of high specific surface area and high porosity. Secondly, the authors briefly describe the sound absorption principle, influencing factors and test methods of the materials. Finally, the authors have a comprehensive discussion of three ways to improve the sound absorption performance of materials based on electrospinning nanofibers: composite structure, material modification and electrospinning nanofiber aerogels.