增殖放流与渔业种群遗传多样性保护

Enhancement and Releasing and Conservation of Fishery Population Genetic Diversity

回顾了我国增殖放流现状及效果评价方法,分析了放流群体和野生群体可能由于物种竞争、近交优势和近交衰退、杂交优势与远交衰退、遗传同化等因素对种群遗传多样性产生的负面影响。提出,增殖放流应以食物链底层的低级消费者种类为主要对象,同时注意选择野生群体作为繁育亲本,控制繁育代数并增加繁育亲本的数量。

Enhancement and releasing is an effective measure to protect genetic diversity of fishery population and restore fishery resources. The analysis of the effectiveness evaluation of enhancement and releasing and its influence on genetic diversity of fishery population, is of great significance to measure the performance of enhancement and releasing and the restoration of fishery resources. On the basis of a brief review of the present situation and effectiveness evaluation methods of fishery enhancement and releasing in China, it is considered that stocked populations and wild populations may have negative effects on population genetic diversity because of species competition, inbreeding advantages and inbreeding depression, heterosis and outbreeding depression, genetic assimilation and other factors. Therefore, this thesis claims that the enhancement and releasing should be mainly targeted at low-level consumers at the bottom of the food chain. At the same time, we should pay attention to the selection of wild populations as breeding parents, and then control the breeding algebra and increase the number of breeding parents.