溴氰菊酯对河川沙塘鳢的毒性效应研究

Study on Toxicity Effect of Deltamethrin on Odontobutis Potamophilus

为了解溴氰菊酯对河川沙塘鳢的急性毒性效应及毒理机制,设置不同浓度梯度溴氰菊酯的处理组,采用静态测试法对平均质量为(30.0±5.0)g的河川沙塘鳢进行攻毒试验,并对其鳃、肝脏组织超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定及组织病理学观察。结果表明,溴氰菊酯对河川沙塘鳢96 h LC为5.29μg/L,安全浓度为0.53μg/L;鳃的Na^(+)/K^(+)-三磷酸腺苷(ATP)酶活性随着溴氰菊酯浓度增加和时间延长明显受到抑制;肝脏SOD活性在高浓度处理组(10μg/L、20μg/L)暴露72 h和96 h后均显著下降(P<0.05),而CAT活性在溴氰菊酯暴露24 h时显著降低(P<0.05),此后趋于正常。MDA含量随着溴氰菊酯浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长而增高。组织病理学观察显示,溴氰菊酯对鱼鳃、肝脏组织结构具有明显破坏作用。指出,溴氰菊酯对河川沙塘鳢而言是剧毒,其毒理机制可能是溴氰菊酯抑制了沙塘鳢鳃组织Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATP酶活性及肝脏细胞的抗氧化功能,进而影响其正常的生理机能,最终导致组织结构病变,引发毒性效应。

This study was carried out to investigate the acute toxicity and mechanism of Deltamethyrin(DM)on Odontobutis potamophila. A static test method was applied with a serial gradients concentration of DM exposure to Odontobutis potamophila(30±5) g in size to implement a challenge assay as well as to measure the bio chemical indexes both in gills and liver and their histopathological observation. Results shows that the 96 h LCof DM on Odontobutis potamophila was 5.29 μg/L,and the safe concentration was 0.53 μg/L. The activity ofNa^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase in gill was significantly inhibited with the increment of DM concentration and exposure time. The SOD activity in liver was significantly decreased after 72 h and 96 h exposure with high DM concentration(10 μg/L, 20 μg/L), while the CAT activity was significantly decreased at 24 h exposure and then turned to be normal. MDA content elevated with the increment of DM concentration and exposure time significantly. Histopathological observation showed that DM caused obvious pathological lesion in gill and liver structure. As a Conclusion, This research imply that DM may has hypertoxicity to Odontobutis potamophila. The toxicological mechanism may be related to the fact that DM seriously inhibits Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase activity in gill tissue and the antioxidant function of liver cells, thus affecting the normal physiological function, and finally leading to the pathological changes of tissue structure, thus causing toxic effects.