马克思主义艺术理论的哲学范式与理论旨趣

The Philosophical Paradigm and Theoretical Purport of Marxist Art Theory

马克思主义的创立与发展是人类思想史上一次伟大而深刻的思想革命。与之相应,马克思主义美学或艺术哲学的创立与发展,实现了世界美学史或艺术理论史上一次伟大而深刻的理论变革与范式转换。以往,由于缺乏“范式研究”的理论自觉,马克思哲学革命的意义难以全部彰显出来。因此,从“范式革命”的视域出发,重申马克思哲学“革命性转变”的真正内涵,对于当代马克思主义美学和艺术哲学的理论范式建构,具有十分重要的方法论意义。马克思哲学革命的范式转换,势必要带来马克思美学或艺术哲学的范式转换。马克思主义美学是一种“批判与解放”的美学。如果说形而上学终结与资本逻辑批判,构成马克思哲学“范式革命”的重要主题;那么,现代性批判与人类自由解放,则构成马克思美学“范式革命”的核心题域。马克思由此开创了有别于传统形而上学的崭新哲学范式,开启了后形而上学的哲学与美学境域。当今时代依然是马克思理论所表达和把握的时代,当代思想并未超出马克思的理论视域。也正是在此意义上,我们说马克思主义至今依然是难以超越的理论视域与哲学范式。

The founding and development of Marxism is a great and profound thought revolution in human thought history. Correspondingly, the establishment and development of Marxist aesthetics or art philosophy has achieved a great and profound theoretical change and paradigm shift in the history of world aesthetics or art theory. In the past, due to the lack of theoretical consciousness of “paradigm study”, it was difficult to fully reveal the significance of Marx’s philosophical revolution. Therefore, starting from the perspective of “paradigm revolution”, reaffirming the true connotation of “revolutionary change” of Marx’s philosophy is of great methodological importance for the theoretical paradigm construction of contemporary Marxist aesthetics and philosophy of art. The paradigm shift of Marx’s philosophical revolution is bound to bring about the paradigm shift of Marx’s aesthetics or art philosophy. Marxist aesthetics is an aesthetics of “criticism and liberation”. If the end of metaphysics and the capital logic critique constitute an important theme of the “paradigm revolution” of Marx’s philosophy;the critique of modernity and the free liberation of mankind, then, constitute the core domain of the “paradigm revolution” of Marx’s aesthetics.Therefrom Marx created a novel philosophical paradigm which was totally different from the traditional metaphysics, enlightening the philosophical and aesthetic realm of the post-metaphysics. The present era is still the era expressed and grasped by Marx’s theory, and the contemporary thought has not exceeded Marx’s theoretical horizon. Also in this sense, we hold that Marxism is still a theoretical vision and philosophical paradigm that is hard to surpass.