中国工业企业绿色技术创新效率的测度与评价——基于超效率网络SBM‑Malmquist模型分析

The Measurement and Evaluation of Green Technology Innovation Efficiency of Industrial Enterprises in China:Analysis Based on Network Super SBM‑Malmquist Model

将绿色创新发展理念融入到工业企业技术活动中,已经成为突破环境和资源约束、推动工业可持续发展的关键。本文将能源消耗量、三废排放量等纳入研究框架,运用超效率网络SBM模型和Malmquist‑Luenberger指数对中国各省份工业企业绿色技术创新效率进行测度与评价。结果表明:在2013—2018年间,工业企业绿色技术创新效率处于较低水平,省域间存在较大差异,但差异趋势逐渐缩小;我国工业企业绿色技术创新效率呈现出“东‑中‑西”依次递减的阶梯式空间分布格局,与东部地区工业企业绿色技术创新效率持上升的趋势相比,中西部效率水平不仅存在绝对水平明显偏低的特征,而且还表现出了增长幅度的差异;成果转化期的效率值低于科技研发的效率值,纯技术效率水平过低是造成两阶段效率不高的主要原因;我国Malmquist‑Luenberger指数均大于1,整体发展态势良好,其中技术效率变化指数的增长主要依赖于纯技术效率变化指数。从三大地区层面来看,东部地区的ML(Malmquist‑Luenberger)指数主要归结于技术进步(technological change,TC)指数的增长,而中西部地区的ML指数则主要依赖于技术效率变化(technical efficiency change,EC)指数的增长。通过上述研究确定绿色技术创新效率损失的来源和真实原因,为企业提升绿色技术创新水平提供有效路径。

Integratingthe green innovation and development concept into the technical activities of industrialenterprise has become the key to breaking through the shackles of environment and resources,promoting sustainable industrial development.Energy consumption andthree waste emissions were included in the research framework,and the super‑efficient network slack based measure(SBM)model and Malmquist‑Luenberger index were used to measure and evaluate green technology innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in various provinces in China.The results show that in 2013—2018,green technology innovation efficiency in industrial enterprises is relatively low.There are bigger differences between different provinces,but as time changes,provincial differences gradually narrowed.The green technology innovation efficiency of China’s industrial enterprises presents a stepwise spatial distribution pattern of“east‑middle‑west”decreasing.Compared with the upward trend of green technology innovation efficiency of industrial enterprises in the eastern region,the efficiency level in the central and western regions not only has the characteristics of obviously low absolute level,but also shows differences in growth rates.The efficiency of achievements transformation period below the efficiency of scientific and technological research and development,and the low level pure technical efficiency is the main causefor the low efficiency of the two stages.The Malmquist‑Luenberger index is greater than 1,overall development situation is good,but the growth of technical efficiency change index is mainly depends on the pure technical efficiency change index.At the three regional levels,the ML index in the eastern region is mainly due to the growth of the technology progress index,while the ML index in the central and western regions is mainly dependent on the growth of the technological efficiency change index.Through the above research,the source and real cause of the efficiency loss of green technology innovation are determined,and an effective path is provided for enterprises to improve the level of green technology innovation.