收入差距、社会地位与户籍制度改革成效

Income Gap,Social Statue and the Effectiveness of Hukou System Reform

使用《中国家庭追踪调查》数据来分析户籍制度对中国社会分层、劳动者收入水平和社会地位的影响。首先,使用基于递归分类算法的回归树模型表明城乡分割的户籍制度是导致社会分层的重要原因。其次,分别使用主观法和客观法测量的收入水平和社会地位表明:从工资总收入水平来看劳动力市场上的户籍歧视呈减弱趋势;从社会地位来看,城乡差别的户籍歧视在减弱,但本地与外地差别的户籍歧视在加强。最后,提出在户籍制度改革已经步入深水区、难度越来越大的情况下,通过大力推进教育机会均等化、教育质量普及化,全面提高各类群体尤其是低收入群体子女受教育机会,以及缩小区域和城乡发展差距,逐步降低户籍潜在的福利差别,为全面消除户籍歧视奠定社会及经济基础。

Used the data from the“China Household Tracking Survey”,the impact of the household registration system on China’s social stratification,workers’income level and social status was analyzed.Firstly,the regression tree model based on recursive partitioning algorithm was used to show that the Hukou system of urban‑rural segmentation is an important reason for social stratification.Secondly,the income level and social status were measured by subjective and objective methods to show that the Hukou discrimination in the labor market tends to weaken from the perspective of total wage income level.From the perspective of social status,the Hukou discrimination between urban and rural areas is weakening,but the Hukou discrimination between local and foreign areas is strengthening.Finally,it was proposed to comprehensively improve the educational opportunities of children of all groups,especially low‑income groups,by vigorously promoting the equalization of educational opportunities and popularizing the quality of education when the reform of the Hukou system has entered the deep‑water area and is becoming more and more difficult.Through education to change the family’s destiny,in order to gradually reduce the potential welfare and‘gold content’of Hukou,through the‘curve reform’,to lay a social and economic foundation for the complete elimination of Hukou discrimination.