中国传统国家形态理论解释的新概念反思——兼议姚中秋教授的“生产型国家”

Reflection on the New Concept of Chinese Traditional State Formation Theory:Discussion on Professor Yao Zhongqiu’s“Productive State”

中国传统国家形态研究的理论问题是“国家”理论研究的重要问题。姚中秋教授提出的“生产型国家”立足于中西不同国家传统的比较,用以对中国的传统国家形态进行理论解释。作为一个新概念,它体现了偏重在较长历史时段理解和解释中国传统国家形态的整体性认识。这种认识与学界已有的诸多观点,如早熟国家、关系国家、领土国家等,均存有一定程度的理论张力。它显示了理解传统中国国家属性、功能及形态等的特殊视角,在理论上有相当的参考价值。但“生产型国家”的概念,还停留在现象描述的层面,相对缺少严格意义上的理论证成。从国家形态类型划分的角度看,“生产型国家”概念还需要进一步地阐释和论证,明确它的独特内涵,界定它的所指范围。

The“productive state”proposed by Professor Yao Zhongqiu is based on the comparison of the traditions of different countries in China and the West,and is used to explain the traditional state form of China in theory.It embodies a holistic understanding that emphasizes understanding and interpreting the traditional Chinese state in a longer historical period.This understanding has some theoretical tension with many existing viewpoints in academic circles,such as precocious state,relational state,territorial state and so on.It shows a special perspective to understand the attributes,functions and forms of the traditional Chinese state,and has considerable reference value in theory.However,from the perspective of state type division,the concept of“productive state”still needs demonstration to clarify its unique connotation and define its scope.