中国家庭结构与儿童语言发展

China’s Family Structure and Children’s Language Development

儿童语言发展受输入环境的深刻影响,家庭规模和家庭结构是输入环境最直接的影响因素。中国的祖辈深度介入育儿传统、特有的独生子女政策、全面二孩政策等,造就了中国儿童语言发展独有的家庭输入格局,是不可复得验证输入互动理论的“语言实验室”。祖辈深度介入,形成家庭语言输入内容和形式的隔代链接;独生子女专享4-2-1成人语言输入格局,同胞互动语言缺失;“非自然二孩”同胞年龄悬殊,同胞互动语言社会化程度更高,缺失同伴意识。重视中国儿童语料库建设,把握中国儿童发展的独有特征,对儿童语言发展和儿童语言教育具有独特的世界意义。

Children’s language development is deeply affected by the input environment, and the input environment is directly affected by family size and family configuration. The tradition of grandparents deeply involving in child-raising in Chinese families and China’s unique one-child policy and recently-launched two-child policy have created a unique family input pattern for children’s language development in China, which is an irreproducible “language laboratory”, in which the input interactive theory can be verified. The unique features include the grandparents-grandchildren language input owing to deep involvement of grandparents in Chinese families, the exclusive 4-2-1 adult language input and deficient sibling interactive language input originated from one-child policy, and a higher degree of socialization of interactive language and deficient peer consciousness coming from a wide age-gap between “unnatural” siblings. It has special worldwide value to children’s language development and education to emphasize the construction of China’s children’s language corpus and to grasp the unique features of its development.