晋北平鲁方言的语气副词“作准”及其来源

On the Modal Adverb“Zuòzhǔn(作准)”in Pinglu Dialect of Northern Shanxi Province and Its Origin

晋北平鲁方言语气副词“作准”表不确定的揣测语气,确认度高。能与多种句法成分共现,还可根据强调焦点的不同,灵活改变其位置。“作准”的同素逆序词“准作”,否定形式“不作准”也能表示揣测语气。结合历史文献发现,不晚于唐代,“作准”由动词短语词汇化为动词,表“确定”“当真”等义,为语气副词“作准”提供语义基础。明代以后,“作准”虚化为语气副词,表确定语气。清代“作准”在否定句和反问句中吸收不确定的语境义,发展出不确定的揣测语气。这一历时演变过程是重新分析、主观性程度增强及语境感染共同作用的结果。晋北平鲁方言语气副词“作准”表不确定揣测语气,是对明清用法的继承与发展。

“Zuòzhǔn(作准)”in Pinglu dialect of northern Shanxi province expresses a mood of speculation and a high degree of confirmation,which can appear with many syntactic constituents and flexibly change its syntactic position with different focus.Both its inverse homo-morphemic word“zhǔnzuò(准作)”and the negative form“bùzhǔnzuò(不作准)”also express a mood of speculation.Combining with historical documents,the paper finds that“zuòzhǔn(作准)”was lexicalized from a verbal phrase to a verb no later than the Tang dynasty,meaning“be sure,be certain”,which provided a semantic foundation for the modal adverb“zuòzhǔn(作准)”.After the Ming dynasty,“zuòzhǔn(作准)”was grammaticalized into a modal adverb to express the mood of certainty.In the Qing dynasty,“zuòzhǔn(作准)”absorbed the contextual meaning of uncertainty in negative and rhetorical questions and developed the mood of speculation.This evolution is the result of re-analysis,enhancement of subjectivity and context infection.“Zuòzhǔn(作准)”in Pinglu dialect of northern Shanxi province is the inheritance and development of its usage in the Ming and Qing dynasties.