工作负荷对幼儿园教师的双刃剑效应——基于工作退缩和工作重塑的双中介模型

The Double-Edge Sword Effects of Workload to Preschool Education Teachers——Multiple Mediation Models Based on Withdrawal and Job Crafting

本研究基于两个时间点对418名幼儿园教师进行问卷调查,探讨工作负荷对幼儿园教师的工作意义感、工作满意度和离职倾向的影响及其作用机制。研究发现:工作负荷具有双刃剑效应,感知工作负荷后,幼儿园教师既可能因为工作退缩行为增多,导致工作意义感与工作满意度降低、离职倾向增高;也可能因为工作重塑行为增强,出现工作意义感与工作满意度提升。笔者建议为教师提供良好的社会支持,通过培训助其提高工作能力与掌握工作重塑方法,避免工作退缩行为发生以更好地应对工作负荷。

In this study,based on two time points matching data of 418 kindergarten teachers,so as to explore the effect of workload on preschool teachers’work meaning,job satisfaction and turnover intention as well as the mechanism between these processes.The study found that workload has a double-edged sword effect.Workload could enhance the work withdrawal behavior of preschool teachers,and consequently diminished teachers’work meaning,job satisfaction and enhance their turnover intention.While at the same time,workload could increase job crafting,thus improving work meaning and job satisfaction.To keep the teachers stabilized,the kindergarten managers should pay close attention to the teacher’s workload,to help teachers improve their work ability and master some methods to conduct job crafting by providing training and supportive work environment for teachers,encourage teachers to cope with workload through crafting their jobs rather than withdrawal.