蛇根草属植物的化学成分及药理活性研究进展

Research Progress on Chemical Constituents and Pharmacological Activities from the Genus Ophiorrhiza

蛇根草属(Ophiorrhiza L.)植物隶属于茜草科,在全世界广泛分布。该属植物被多种药物志记载,具有活血化瘀、祛痰止咳等药用价值。该属植物富含结构新颖、生物活性显著的化学成分,已成为国际上药用植物资源的研究热点之一。目前,已有31种蛇根草属植物的化学成分被报道,主要包括62个生物碱类、21个萜类、21个蒽醌类、6个甾体类、2个黄酮类和1个香豆素类等多种结构类型化合物。这些化合物具有抗肿瘤、免疫抑制、抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、止泻、胃黏膜保护和驱虫等多种药理功效。本文综述了1976年7月至2021年7月间报道的蛇根草属植物的化学成分及其药理活性研究进展,重点突出若干代表性化学成分,同时对其结构特征和绝对构型进行详细的归纳总结,以期为该领域药用植物资源的后续研究与开发提供一定的参考。

The plants of the genus Ophiorrhiza,belonging to the family Rubiaceae,are widely distributed all over the world.Since ancient times,these plants has been recorded in many medical literatures.They were regarded as the medicines for promoting blood circulation,removing blood stasis,eliminating phlegm and relieving cough.Literatures revealed that the Ophiorrhiza plants offer an enormous constituents with novel structures and significant biological activities.Therefore,more and more scientists devoted themselves to the research of this medicinal plant resource.Currently,diverse chemical substances have been isolated from thirty-one species of the genus Ophiorrhiza,including sixty-two alkaloids,twenty-one terpenoids,twenty-one anthraquinones,six steroids,two flavonoids,one coumarin.In addition,they exhibit a variety of biological activities,such as anti-tumor,immunosuppressive,antibacterial,antiviral,antiinflammatory,antidiarrhea,gastric mucosal protection and insect repellent.In this review,the research from 1976 to July 2021 on the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the genus Ophiorrhiza are summarized,especially for the typical compounds and their structural characteristics including the absolute configurations,which could provide a scientific reference for the follow-up research and development of these medicinal plant resources in future.