发达国家个性化医学发展策略及其对中国医药发展的启示

The policies and strategies of personalized medicine in main developed countries and the enlightenment to the development of medicines in China

个性化医学研究已经在全球掀起了一波浪潮,主要发达国家均已纷纷加入个性化医学的研发行列中。为了掌握国外在个性化医学领域的政策动向及项目投入进展,调研了世界主要发达国家个性化医学发展策略与措施,包括制定战略或法案、政府给予资金支持、建立研究/产业联盟、建设相关基础设施、开设个性化医学课程等。从各国的发展计划和项目中凝练提取各自的个性化医学发展目标与愿景、投入强度、重点领域和推进方式,发现个性化医学发展多采取“顶层设计”的方式,需要重建医疗行业相关知识体系、大规模人群列队、国家数以亿计的研发投入、多部门合作以及数据等基础设施建设。从政治、经济、社会和科技环境4个方面分析了中国个性化医学的发展现状和基础,给出了中国发展个性化医学的几点建议:持续投入相关基础设施建设、加强个性化医学数据共享、完善监督机制与伦理政策、加强人才队伍建设与多方合作、试点开展遗传健康门诊并逐步推广。

The personalized medicine is widely studied and applied in recent years,especially in main developed countries.This paper reviews the development strategies and measures of the personalized medicine in main developed countries,including launching initiatives or bills,providing financial support,establishing research and industry alliances,building infrastructures and offering related courses or training programs.Then,from the perspective of the goals,the investments,the key areas and promotion methods of the personalized medicine extracted from the plans and the projects of major developed countries,it is shown that in the development of the personalized medicine the method of“Top Down”is mostly adopted,and the knowledge system of the medical industry has to be rebuilt,to develop large-scale crowd queues,invest hundreds of millions in R&D,accomplish multi-sector cooperation,and develop infrastructures for the data.Finally,this paper briefly analyzes the political,economic,social and scientific situations in China,and gives a few suggestions for the development of the personalized medicine in China,including the continuous investment in the infrastructure development,the medical data sharing,improving the medical supervision mechanism and developing the ethical polices,building a talent team and focusing on the collaboration,setting pilots of genetic clinics and promoting the new type of diagnosis and treatment step by step.