青藏高原短居人群缺氧风险性评价

Risk of hypoxia of short-term residents in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原具有鲜明的高寒缺氧的气象特征,对短居人群的健康有严重影响,从自然地理的角度研究青藏高原缺氧风险对地方发展与缺氧政策制定具有重要意义。基于2021年7月采集青藏高原不同海拔地区的气压、含氧量和短居人群的血氧饱和度等数据,建立了海拔与血氧饱和度的关系,绘制了青藏高原短居缺氧空间分布图。结果表明:(1)随着海拔的升高,绝对含氧量线性下降(y=-0.0325x+280.45,n=70,r~2=0.94),绝对含氧量与海拔呈线性关系。(2)随着海拔的升高,血氧饱和度呈指数下降,缺氧风险呈指数上升(y=104-0.68×e,n=70,r~2=0.57)。(3)根据血氧饱和度与海拔高度的关系,青藏高原缺氧低风险区、缺氧中风险区和缺氧高风险区占青藏高原总面积比分别为10.6%、32.0%和57.4%,其中低风险区主要分布在青海东北部、柴达木盆地和林芝市以南,中风险区分布在青海西北部、西藏东部山地和青藏高原河流谷地,高风险区主要分布在藏北高原无人区和喜马拉雅山系附近。

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is an attraction for ecological and cultural tourists. However, the risk of hypoxia threatens serious harm to human health. It is of great significance to study the hypoxia risk in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau from the perspective of the physical geography for the local development and the hypoxia policy-making. In this study, the relationship between the altitude and the blood oxygen saturation is studied and the spatial distribution map of the hypoxia in the Tibetan Plateau is obtained. It is shown that,(1) the absolute oxygen content decreases linearly with the increase of the altitude(y=-0.0325x+280.4x5, n=70, r~2=0.94);(2) there is an exponential relationship between the blood oxygen saturation and the altitude(y=104-0.68×e, n=70, r~2=0.57) and with the increase of the altitude, the risk of the hypoxia increases exponentially;(3) the Tibetan Plateau is divided into the high risk area, the medium risk area and the low risk area of hypoxia according to the relationship between the blood oxygen saturation and the altitude. The study could provide a scientific basis for the regional tourism development strategy and also a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of the altitude anoxia.