正式社会支持对我国农村老年家庭脆弱性的影响研究——基于非正式社会支持的中介效应

Impact of Formal Social Support on Vulnerability of China’s Rural Elderly Households:Mediating Effect Based on Informal Social Support

基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,使用VEP度量农村老年家庭脆弱性,采用中介效应模型,实证分析正式社会支持对农村老年家庭脆弱性的作用机理。结果表明:正式社会支持能有效缓解农村老年家庭脆弱性,且拥有高水平养老保障支持的农村老年家庭比无养老保障支持的农村老年家庭脆弱性低0.082;非正式社会支持与家庭风险抵御能力在正式社会支持对农村老年家庭脆弱性的缓解中发挥中介效应,遵循“正式社会支持-非正式社会支持/风险抵御能力-农村老年家庭脆弱性”作用机制,正式社会支持为农村老年家庭提供基本的经济保障,有利于农村老年家庭获得非正式社会支持和提升风险抵御能力,进而有助于缓解农村老年家庭脆弱性。据此,建议对农村老年家庭进行监测,为农村脆弱老年家庭提供经济支持;通过健全农村地区社会医疗养老体系,解决医疗养老服务体系不完善带来的养老问题;积极组织开展文体活动,拓展老年人交流半径,以消除老年人的孤独感,提升其心理健康水平。

Based on the 2018 China Family Pannel Survey(CFPS)data,the mechanism of the effect of formal social support on rural elderly households vulnerability was empirically analyzed by using the VEP mea⁃sure of rural elderly households vulnerability and a mediating effects model.The results show that formal social support can effectively mitigate the vulnerability of rural elderly households and that rural elderly households with high levels of old-age security support are 0.082 less vulnerable than rural elderly households without old age security support,and this result passes the robustness test.Meanwhile,informal social support and house⁃hold risk resilience play a mediating effect in mitigating vulnerability of rural elderly households by formal so⁃cial support,following the mechanism of“formal social support-informal social support/risk resilience-vulnera⁃bility of rural elderly households”.Formal social support provides basic economic security for rural elderly households,which helps them to obtain informal social support and improve risk resilience,and thus helps to reduce their vulnerability.Therefore,it is recommended that studies should be conducted on rural elderly households.In addition,it is vital to monitor rural elderly households and provide economic support to vulnera⁃ble elderly households in rural areas;to solve the problems caused by the imperfect medical and service sys⁃tem by improving the very system for the elderly in rural areas,and to actively organize cultural and sports ac⁃tivities to expand the communication radius of elderly people in order to eliminate their loneliness and improve their mental health.