《西洋药书》与康熙朝宫廷西洋药物知识刍议

Western Medicine Book and the Knowledge of Western Medicine in the Kangxi Court

藏于北京故宫博物院之满文本《西洋药书》,据传是传教士白晋、张诚所著。过往对于《西洋药书》之研究,并未建立在全译的基础上。《西洋药书》实载药方48种,其中42种于该书中重复介绍一次,但重复部分所载内容不完全相同。过往清宫档案并没详述西洋药方之药效与使用方法,《西洋药书》可补足这方面的缺失。将《西洋药书》与清宫档案比较,可见清宫中对药物之使用并不完全按照《西洋药书》实施。部分药物之样态、药效与《西洋药书》所载不同,可推测某些药物是共用了某些名称或词根,但不一定是相同药物。《西洋药书》各章节之笔迹、内容,甚至用语都有差异,是未来研究其成书过程的线索。

The Manchu version of Si yang-ni okto-i bithe(Western Medicine Book),which is housed in the Palace Museum in Beijing,is said to have been written by missionaries Joachim Bouvet and Jean-Fran?ois Gerbillon.Previous studies on Western Medicine Book which contains 48 kinds of prescriptions,42 of which are introduced repeatedly in this book were not based on the full translation,but the contents of the repeated parts are not completely the same.Previously,the archives of the Qing Dynasty did not detail the efficacy and the methods of use of the Western prescriptions,and this information is supplemented in this book.By comparing the Western Medicine Book with the archives of the Qing Dynasty,it can be seen that the use and symptoms of drugs in the Qing Dynasty were not exactly in accordance with the Western Medicine Book.The appearance and efficacy of some drugs are different from those in Western Medicine Book.It is speculated that some drugs share some names or roots but are not necessarily the same drugs.The differences in handwriting,contents and even diction in each chapter of Western Medicine Book are clues for future research on the process of its compilation.