朱子《家礼》思想在越南陈、黎、阮朝的传播与影响

The Spread and Changes of the Thought of Zhu Xi’s Family Rituals in the Chen,Li and Ruan Dynasties of Vietnam

陈朝时,越南思想界逐步改变重佛轻礼的国策,朱子学“家齐而后国治”“纲常名分”等思想被接受。明初性理本《家礼》南传,对后黎朝治国理想、知识阶层价值观念以及民间社会礼俗产生了深远影响。黎圣宗等通过圣谕向家族与村社普及《家礼》的忠孝观,《黎贵惇家礼》一书更成为政府与民间冠婚丧祭仪的蓝本。阮朝时,《寿梅家礼》整合《胡尚书家礼》与《捷径家礼》,其丧祭礼在18世纪至20世纪初被知识阶层与民间社会反复传习,衍生出大量具有汉喃文献特征的礼俗写本。越南在《家礼》的继受上汉喃并行、礼俗不分、儒释杂糅,加之大量写本的创制,从而呈现鲜明的本土化、仪文化与宗教化的特征。

During the Chen Dynasty,the Vietnamese ideological circles gradually changed the state policy of valuing Buddhism over rituals,and the ideas of the Zhuzi school on family unity and state governance as well as the three cardinal guides and the five constant virtues of social status were accepted.In the early Ming Dynasty,the text Family Rituals spread south of China,which had a profound influence on the ideals of governance,the values of the intelligentsia,and the customs of the civil society in the Later Li Dynasty.Li Shengzong and others popularized the concept of loyalty and filial piety through Li Gui-Dun’s Family Rituals to families and villages,thus Li Gui-Dun’s Family Rituals became the blue print for the government and civil society to perform wedding and funeral rituals.During the Ruan Dynasty,Shoumei’s Family Rituals integrated Hu Shangshu Family Rituals and The Shortened Family Rituals.Shoumei’s Family Rituals was followed by intellectuals and civil society from the 18 th to the early 20 th century,resulting in a large number of rituals written with the characteristics of Chinese literature.The succession of family rituals in Vietnam is characterized by the combination of Chinese and Vietnamese,the lack of distinction between rituals and customs,and the mixture of Confucianism and Buddhism,together with the creation of a large number of manuscripts that showed the distinct character of localization,ritual culture,and religion.