“年纪”和“年龄”的异同及在亲属词等释义中的使用分析

Differences between Nianji and Nianling and Analysis of Their Uses in Defining Words of Kinship

“年纪”和“年龄”是一组同义词,都有指人已经生存的年数的含义。除了共同点外,这两个词在语义范围、表义的精确性与模糊性,语法搭配,语用方面如适用对象、感情色彩、语体及使用频率等都有明显差异。词典中“年纪”和“年龄”常被用于某些亲属词等的释义。我们发现不同的词典在对同一个亲属词释义时,有对“年纪”和“年龄”选择不同的现象。有些词典在对同一子语义场的亲属词释义时,也存在“年纪”和“年龄”使用不同的情况。文章拟对“年纪”和“年龄”在语义、语法、语用方面的异同,以及目前常见的几部词典中对相关亲属词等释义时“年纪”和“年龄”的使用情况进行分析研究。

Nianji and nianling are synonyms referring to the number of years a person has lived. Apart from their commonalities, the words are evidently different in their semantic scope, accuracy and fuzziness of referencing, grammatical collocation, pragmatic use such as referents, emotional colors, style, and use frequency. It is found that in different dictionaries, the two words are used differently to define the word of kinship. This paper analyzes the use of the two words in several popular dictionaries, including their meanings and grammatical and pragmatic uses.