梨杂交后代部分农艺性状遗传规律及相关基因的研究

Study on Genetic Rules and Related Genes of Some Agronomic Traits in Pear Hybrid Progenies

从梨(Pyrus L.)杂交后代的果柄长、单果重、果心大小、果形指数、果色、果实硬度、石细胞含量、可溶性固形物含量等8个果实农艺性状的遗传规律以及调控上述性状的相关基因方面作一综述,指出目前梨杂交育种和基因组研究存在的不足,可利用的杂交群体规模偏少,在遗传规律等方面的结果有存在争议的地方,这可能是由于亲本的选择、群体生长环境不同等因素导致的。现在在基因组研究方面较为系统的植物多是1 a生草本植物。对于多年生植物而言,还没有建立一套合适的生物学研究体系,而基于果树作物的生长特性则更有局限性。果树作物数量性状的QTL定位研究相对于农作物而言起步较晩,果树作物作图群体构建困难、有效标记数不足、遗传背景信息缺乏等劣势阻碍着其数量性状QTL定位的发展,导致了果树数量性状QTL定位研究的滞后性。所以,适用于梨等多年生果树植物的基因组研究模式理论的建立也是需要我们不断探索的一个问题。

In this paper,the heredity of 8 agronomic traits of pear(Pyrus L.)hybrid progenies,such as fruit peduncle length,single fruit weight,fruit core,fruit shape index,fruit color,fruit hardness,stone cell content and soluble solid content,and the related genes regulating these traits were reviewed,the deficiency of hybrid breeding and genome research of pear was pointed out,the size of the available hybrid population is relatively small,and the results of genetic law and other aspects are controversial,which may be due to the selection of parents,different population growth environment and other factors.At present,most of the plants with more systematic genome research are 1 a herbs.For perennials,a suitable biological research system has not been established,and the growth characteristics of fruit trees are more limited.Compared with crops,QTL mapping for quantitative traits in fruit trees started relatively late.The development of QTL mapping for quantitative traits in fruit trees was hindered by difficulties in population construction,insufficient number of effective markers and lack of genetic background information,which resulted in the lag of QTL mapping for quantitative traits in fruit trees.Therefore,the establishment of genome research model theory applicable to pears and other perennial fruit plants is also a problem that needs to be explored continuously.