17个桃品种在兰州高海拔地区的田间抗寒性表现

Field Cold Resistance of 17 Peach Cultivars in High Altitude Area of Lanzhou

【目的】兰州市高海拔区域种植桃树会出现抽条和冻害现象,严重制约着当地桃产业的发展,为了筛选出适宜兰州高海拔地区种植的桃优良品种,我们对17个桃品种在海拔1870 m地区进行试种。【方法】2020年至2022年春季,通过连续3 a对各品种越冬受冻、抽条及花芽受冻情况进行调查分析,计算不同品种1 a生果枝的抽条指数和花芽受冻指数。【结果】栽培的普通桃品种陇蜜10号、陇蜜9号和白凤、油桃品种陇油桃1号和世界1号、中蟠13号、油蟠桃品种7-7受冻较轻,抽条指数和花芽受冻指数平均<30%,对产量基本无影响或影响较小,其他品种的受冻程度相对较重,抽条指数和花芽受冻指数均>30%,对产量影响较大。【结论】陇蜜9号、陇蜜10号和白凤桃,表现出较强的抗寒性和适应能力,可适当发展;油桃品种陇油桃1号、世界1号以及油蟠桃品种7-7虽然也能生长结果,但抽条对产量有一定的影响,还需进一步观察,谨慎发展;其他品种因抗寒性差,栽植后易出现抽条和花芽受冻,对产量影响较大,不建议种植。气候条件决定了树种的分布,冬季低温是关系果树存亡的重要因素,与果树的自然分布关系密切,本研究为兰州高海拔地区桃品种引进和筛选提供了参考。

【Objective】The peach trees planted in the high altitude area of Lanzhou will appear stripping and freezing damage phenomenon,which seriously restricts the development of local peach industry.In order to screen out the peach cultivars suitable for planting in the high altitude area of Lanzhou,we planted 17 peach varieties in the altitude area of 1870 m for trial planting.【Methods】In the spring of 2020 to 2022,the overwinter freezing,strip extraction and flower bud freezing of each cultivar were investigated and analyzed for 3 consecutive years,and the strip extraction index and flower bud freezing index of 1 a fruit branch of different cultivars were calculated.【Results】The results showed that ordinary peach cultivars of Longmi 10,Longmi 9 and Baifeng peach,nectarine cultivars of Longyou 1 and world 1,Zhongpan 13 and flat nectarine 7-7 peach cultivars were slightly frozen,and the average strip index and flower bud freezing index were less than 30%,which had little or no effect on the yield.The freezing degree of other cultivars was relatively heavy,and the strip index and flower bud freezing index were more than 30%,which had a great impact on the yield.【Conclusion】Longmi 9,Longmi 10 and Baifeng peach showed strong cold resistance and adaptability and could be developed appropriately.Although nectarine cultivers Longyou 1,World 1 and flat nectarine 7-7 peach could also grow and bear fruit,but strip extraction had a certain impact on the yield,which needed further observation and careful development;Other cultivars due to poor cold resistance,easy to appear after planting strip and flower bud cold,had a greater impact on the yield,did not recommend planting.The distribution of tree species was determined by climatic conditions.Low temperature in winter was an important factor related to the survival of fruit trees,which was closely related to the natural distribution of fruit trees.This study provided a reference for the introduction and screening of peach varieties in Lanzhou high altitude area.