环境规制、技术进步偏向与劳动收入份额

Environmental Regulation,Directed Technological Change and Labor Income Share

本文基于CES生产函数,构建理论框架揭示环境规制对劳动收入份额的作用过程,阐释环境规制影响技术进步偏向进而影响劳动收入份额的路径及机制,并采用超越对数生产函数方法测算各省技术进步偏向指数,利用2000-2018年中国大陆地区各省份数据和中介效应模型,运用SYS-GMM法进行实证检验。研究发现:环境规制对劳动收入份额呈现先抑制后促进的影响特征,当前我国环境规制实施强度已过拐点,有利于促进劳动收入份额上升;影响机制分析表明,环境规制通过技术进步偏向这一路径促进劳动收入份额的上升。环境规制处于促进技术进步偏向劳动的阶段;进一步的分区域分析表明,环境规制对南方、北方地区劳动收入份额的影响均呈U形且已过拐点,但中介效应只存在于南方地区。因此,政府和环保部门要灵活采用环境规制政策,不应不计民生影响地达到环保指标,忽视政策对劳动力相对资本的使用效率、技术进步偏向性的影响,最终导致劳动者收入承受环境规制的主要影响。

Based on CES production function, this paper reveals the process of environmental regulation on labor income share through a theoretical framework. At the same time, it shows that environmental regulation will have an impact on directed technological change and then affect labor income share. Secondly, the translog production function method is used to calculate the technical progress bias index of each province. Then, based on the data of each province in China’s mainland from 2000 to 2018 and mediation effect model, the empirical study is conducted by using SYS-GMM method. The results show that: the effect of environmental regulation on labor income share is firstly inhibited and then promoted. At present, the intensity of environmental regulation implementation has passed the inflection point, which promotes the rise of labor income share;the analysis of influence mechanism shows that environmental regulation promotes labor income share rising through the path of directed technological change. Environmental regulation is in the stage of promoting directed technological change to labor;further regional analysis shows that the impact of environmental regulation on the labor income share in both southern and northern regions is U-shaped and has passed the inflection point, but the mediation effect only exists in the southern region. Therefore, the government and environmental protection departments should adopt environmental regulation policies flexibly. They shouldn’t neglect the impact on people’s livelihood in order to achieve environmental protection targets and ignore the impact of policies on the using efficiency of labor relative to capital and the bias of technological progress, which will cause the income of labors bearing the main impact of environmental regulation.