足部血管解剖及其变异

Anatomy and variations of foot artery

足部作为肢体供血末端,当下肢缺血时多数病变及症状首先出现在足部,足部血流来源于由胫前动脉、胫后动脉及腓动脉。胫前动脉向下延伸为足背动脉并发出跗外侧动脉、跗内侧动脉,继续向下则延伸为第一跖背动脉。胫后动脉则在足底分为内、外侧动脉,两支动脉相较而言,足底外侧动脉更为粗大并携带更多血流量,承担更多区域的主要灌注责任,并与来自足背动脉的深支吻合形成足底动脉弓,对前足的灌注至关重要。因此,本文对足部主要血管解剖及其相关变异进行综述。

The foot serves as the end of the blood supply of the limbs.When lower limbs are ischemic,most of lesions and symptoms first appear on the feet.Under normal circumstances,the foot is perfused by three blood sources:the anterior tibial artery,the posterior tibial artery,and the peroneal artery.The anterior tibial artery extends downward as the dorsal pedis artery and sends out the lateral tarsal artery and the medial tarsal artery,and then extends to the first dorsal metatarsal artery.The posterior tibial artery is divided into the plantar medial and lateral arteries at the sole of foot.Compared with two arteries,the lateral plantar artery is larger and carries more blood flow,and bears more regional main perfusion responsibilities.The deep branch anastomosis from the dorsal artery of foot forms plantar arterial arch,which is essential for the perfusion of the forefoot.This article aims to review the anatomy of the main blood vessels of the foot and its related variations.