古典诗词的对称叙事与诗词审美

Symmetrical Narration and Poetic Aesthetics of Classical Poetry

对称是存在的方式和内容,因而也是思维和表达的方式和内容。上古哲学、诗学、诗歌创作都常有对称性思维和表达。六朝时期的诗学中,对称理论和实践都达到精深程度,刘勰《文心雕龙》专辟《丽辞》篇谈对称对偶对仗。齐梁时代“四声八病”论包含大量对称元素。唐代形成的近体格律诗词,以对称思维和对称表达为基础,体现在诗意构思、谋篇布局、起承转合、句法、联法、多种对仗方式中。旧体诗词的对称思维和对称表达,使内涵和形式都具有均衡、匀称、稳定的审美品质,使读者易解易读易诵易记。现代新体自由诗虽然不讲究格律,但对称思维和对称表达也是常用的。

Symmetry is the manner and content of existence,so it is also the manner and content of thinking and expressing.There are many kinds of symmetrical thinking and expression in ancient philosophy,poetics,and poetic creation.In the poetics of the Six Dynasties,the theory and practice of symmetry reached a high level.In Wenxin Diaolong,Liu Xie specifically discussed symmetry,parallelism and antithesis in the chapter of Li Ci.The theory of“four tones and eight?errors”in Qi and Liang dynasties also used a host of symmetrical elements.By the time of Tang Dynasty,people generated metrical poetry based on symmetrical?thinking and expressing.There were antithetical forms in poetic conception,planning layout,“opening,developing,changing,and concluding”,sentence structure,antithetical couplet and so on.The symmetrical thinking and expression of old style poetry make the connotation and form have balanced,symmetrical and stable aesthetic quality,and make readers easy to understand,read,recite and remember.Although modern new style free verse does not pay attention to metrical rules,symmetrical thinking and expression are also commonly used.