青少年社会价值取向的影响因素与发展趋势研究

Study on Influencing Factors and Development Trend of Teenagers’ Social Value Orientation

为了解青少年社会价值取向现状及发展规律,找出影响青少年社会价值取向的重要影响因素,对438名大学新生进行社会价值取向滑块测验;对2 397名不同学段青少年的社会价值取向类型占比进行纵向比较。结果发现:大学新生社会价值取向类型分布呈现亲社会取向最多,个人主义取向次之,竞争取向较少,利他取向最少的特点。亲社会取向的主要动机来源是不平等厌恶。性别、地域、母亲的受教育程度对社会价值取向产生了显著影响。小学(四-六年级)、中学、大学三个学段的青少年社会价值取向类型占比有显著变化,亲社会取向占比呈现先增长后下降的变化曲线,个人取向占比则是先下降后增长,竞争取向占比从中学阶段开始显著增加,利他取向者占比从中学阶段开始显著减少。青少年在中学阶段已形成较为稳定的社会价值取向。

To understand the law of teenagers’ social value orientation and corresponding developing trend, a demographic survey and social value orientation test was conducted on 438 freshmen, where important variables affecting teenagers’ social value were detected. Besides, in-dept comparison was drawn out to compare social value orientations of 2397 students during different stages, among which, prosocial orientation played the most essential role, followed by individualism orientation, then competition orientation. Altruism orientation remained the last. The main source of prosocial orientation was inequality aversion. Gender, region and educated level of the mother had a significant impact on the social value orientations of teenagers. The proportion of social value orientation types of teenagers presented a significant change in primary school (grades 4-6), middle school and university, among which, the proportion of prosocial orientation first increased and then decreased;that of individualism orientation first decreased and then increased;that of competitive orientation displayed a dramatic increase during the middle school stage;and that of altruism orientation kept decreasing significantly since the middle school stage. A relatively stable social value orientation was formed when teenagers entered the middle school.