“后精准扶贫”时代的贫困:性质、成因及其治理路径——基于基本公共服务的视角

Poverty in the Era of “Post Targeted Poverty Alleviation”:Nature, Causes, and Governance——From the Perspective of Basic Public Service

贫困是一个不断变迁的学术概念,不同的学者从不同的视角出发会提出不同的内涵。笔者尝试从基本公共服务的视角来理解贫困,认为贫困不仅指的是收入不足,更表现为因基本公共服务供给不足或缺失导致贫困人口发展机会被剥夺和行动能力被限制而表现出来的多维行动困境。基于此,对贫困的再生产机制进行分析,发现不同类型的基本公共服务可以针对不同致贫原因的贫困人口有效发挥作用,因此,“后精准扶贫”时代我国应以基本公共服务均等化为减贫战略方向,实施以机会均等为基础的减贫战略,以保障公民获得基本公共服务的权利和机会,从而使其免于或脱离因机会剥夺导致的贫困。

Poverty is a constantly changing academic concept, about which different scholars put forward different connotations from different perspectives.The present author aims to understand poverty from the perspective of basic public services and believe that poverty not only refers to the lack of income but also represents a multidimensional action dilemma caused by the deprivation of development opportunities and the restriction of action ability of the poor due to the lack or lack of supply of basic public services. Based on this, we analyzed the reproduction mechanism of poverty and found that different types of basic public services can effectively play a role for poor people with different causes of poverty. Therefore, in the era of “post targeted poverty alleviation”,China should take the equalization of basic public services as the direction of poverty reduction strategy and implement the poverty reduction strategy based on equal opportunities to ensure citizens’ rights and opportunities to obtain basic public services, so that they can avoid or escape from the poverty caused by opportunity deprivation.