列宁高等教育观的逻辑理路

The Logical Path of Lenin’s Views on Higher Education

列宁虽然没有撰写高等教育方面的专门著作,但是他通过对高等教育的有关批示、主持或指示制定的相关文件等形成了他独特的高等教育观。列宁高等教育观的逻辑理路十分清晰,包括逻辑起点、逻辑结构和逻辑旨归三个部分。其逻辑起点是苏联社会主义建设初期高等教育的实践问题。其逻辑结构包括高等教育的哲学观、公平观、知识观、课程观、方法观、教师观和领导观七个单元,具体为:哲学观的核心要义是高等教育不能不联系政治;公平观的核心要义是高等学校对工农子弟敞开大门;知识观的核心要义是用人类创造的全部知识教育学生;课程观的核心要义是高等学校最重要的是课程的思想政治方向;方法观的核心要义是高等教育和生产劳动相结合;教师观的核心要义是把人民教师提高到从未有过的崇高地位;领导观的核心要义是高等学校都在共产党领导之下。其逻辑旨归是高等教育要为苏联社会主义建设初期的无产阶级专政服务。列宁的高等教育逻辑理路对我国现阶段正在进行的高等教育高质量发展有很重要的启示。

Although Lenin did not write special works on higher education, he formed his unique view on higher education through giving instructions and instructing the formulation of relevant documents. The logical path of Lenin’s views on higher education is very clear and it includes the logical starting point, logical structure, and logical orientation. The logical starting point is the practical problems of higher education in the early period of the Soviet Union’s socialist foundation, and its logical structure includes seven aspects of higher education: philosophic view, equality view, knowledge view, curriculum view, method view, teacher’s view, and leadership view. Specifically, the core of his philosophic view on higher education is that higher education cannot be separated from politics. The core of his equality view on higher education is that colleges and universities should open their doors to the children of workers and peasants. The core of his knowledge view of higher education is to educate students with all the knowledge created by human beings. The core of his curriculum view is that the most important thing for colleges and universities is the ideological and political direction of the curriculum. The core of his method view is the combination of higher education and productive labor. The core of his teacher’s view is to raise teachers to an unprecedented lofty position, and the core of his leadership view is that colleges and universities should be under the leadership of the Communist Party. Therefore, the logical orientation of Lenin’s view on higher education is that it serves the dictatorship of the proletariat in the early period of the Soviet Union. Lenin’s logical path of higher education plays a very important practical guiding role in the high-quality development of higher education in China.