儒家“人何以能群”的论证维度及伦理审视

Justification Dimensions of and Ethical Reflection on Confucian View on“How Can Humans Live in Groups?”

传统儒家对“人何以能群”思想的诠释与论证有其逻辑发展理路,它从自然法则的存在论、人禽之别的本体论、天下为公的价值论、穷神知化的认识论、忠恕之道的方法论等维度对此问题进行探讨。传统群文化呈现出群体本位的价值观倾向,它以群己共生、和而不同、克己恕人、家国同构、天下为公为主要特点。关于群的文化建构和反思始终是恒常的文化现象。“群”是人的生存方式,也是关于人的本质的展现形式。当人类走过“如何成为你自己”的启蒙时代进入“我们如何才能在一起”的共同体时代后,关于“群”的价值省思的意义将更加凸显。

The classic Confucian interpretation and demonstration of the view of“how can humans live in groups”has its logical way of development,which is explored from the dimensions of the ontology of natural law,the difference between human beings and animal,the axiology of the whole world as one community,the epistemology,and the Confucian methodology.The traditional group culture shows the tendency of group-oriented values and is characterized by the symbiosis of group and individual,harmony without uniformity,self-abnegation,homogeneity of family and country,and the hope for pantisocracy.Cultural construction of group reflections on the issue are constant cultural phenomena.Grouping is not only the way of human existence,but also the manifestation of human nature.Therefore,when human beings go through the enlightenment age of“how to be yourself”and enter the community age of“how can we be together”,the significance of the value reflection of group becomes more prominent.