后期维特根斯坦“语言实践”概念辨析

An Analysis of Later Wittgenstein’s Concept of “Linguistic Practice”

维特根斯坦不仅是推动“语言转向”的中坚人物,而且在其后期哲学中一改前期对语言的看法,在生活之流中辨析语言的实际使用。他通过对语言实践进行详细的语法分析,探寻哲学问题产生的真正根源,带来对哲学性质和方法的颠覆性理解。后期维特根斯坦对语言实践的语法研究,成为20世纪下半叶哲学的“实践转向”的重要思想来源,不断启发人们对人类实践活动尤其与语言密切相关的实践活动的哲学探究。

Ludwig Wittgenstein was not only a key figure to promote the “linguistic turn” in his early philosophy,but also changed his view of language in his later philosophy in which a language was analyzed by its practical use in a flow of life.By his detailed grammatic analysis of the linguistic practice,he pursued the genuine resources of philosophical problems and brought a subversive understanding in the nature and method of philosophy.The grammatic investigation of linguistic practice by later Wittgenstein became an important thought resource of the “practical turn” in philosophy beginning from the second part of the twentieth century,and has inspired continuously the philosophical investigation in human practical activities,especially the ones intimately related with language.