我国公共危机治理的演进、问题与优化

The Evolution,Problems and Optimization of Public Crisis Management in China

我国公共危机治理的演进脉络融汇于中国特色应急管理体制的建构与完善,在保障国家安全与公共安全中实现了由“行政化单项应对”向“社会化综合应急”的制度变迁,其背后表现出在制度嵌入中实现“管理”向“治理”跨越、在体制改革中倒逼应急能力建设、在治理网络中叠加多元主体联动、在忧患意识中强化居安思危责任的显著特征。当前复杂多变的公共危机治理场景不断暴露出我国在属地责任、基层动能、信息共享、舆情回应等方面的现存问题,未来需重点从压实属地责任、加快数字赋能、推进跨域协同和规范舆情回应等环节着手,积极推进我国公共危机治理体系和能力现代化。

The evolution of China’s public crisis management is integrated with the construction and improvement of the emergency management system with Chinese characteristics,and the institutional change from “Administrative Single Response” to “Social Comprehensive Emergency” has been realized in safeguarding national security and public security.It shows the remarkable characteristics of realizing the leap from “management” to “governance” in the system embedding,forcing emergency response capacity building in the system reform,superimposing the linkage of multiple subjects in the governance network,and strengthening the responsibility of being prepared for danger in times of crisis.The current complex and ever-changing public crisis governance scenarios continue to expose China’s existing problems in territorial responsibility,grassroots momentum,information sharing,and public opinion response.In the future,it is necessary to focus on consolidating territorial responsibilities,speeding up digital empowerment,promoting cross-domain collaboration,and standardizing public opinion responses,and actively promoting the modernization of China’s public crisis governance system and capabilities.