论作为环境法学核心范畴的环境法益

Research on Environmental Legal Interest as the Core Category of Environmental Law

从环境法保护对象的自身特性出发去建构全景且本源式的核心范畴是环境法学“回归”法学的必由之路。由于环境利益进入环境法后未能上升为环境权利,故应将环境法益作为环境法学核心范畴。同时,环境法益不仅对环境法诸现象具有普遍解释力和高度统合力,而且从它延伸的法益分析方法是环境法学应有的研究方法。环境法益的类型主要有个体/超个体环境法益、容量/实物/功能环境法益、时间尺度/空间尺度环境法益、实际/预期环境法益、不同环境质量需求层次上的环境法益。环境法益的功能具体表现为环境立法上的创建环境立法的目的、原则及规则功能与环境法律规范分类功能,环境执法上的解释环境损害救济逻辑、环评利害关系人原告资格和利益衡量标准功能。

It is the only path for environmental law “returning” law to construct a panoramic and original core category based on the characteristics of the protected object of environmental law.Environmental legal interest should be regarded as the core category since environmental interest cannot be elevated to environmental right after entering environmental law.Meanwhile,environmental legal interest not only has universal explanatory power and high unity to environmental law phenomena,but also acts as the extended method of legal interest analysis with a proper research means of environmental law.The types of environmental legal interest include individual/superindividual environmental legal interest,capacity/physical/functional environmental legal interest,time scale/space scale environmental legal interest,actual/expected environmental legal interest and the environmental legal interest at different levels of environmental quality demand.The functions of environmental legal interest are embodied in the functions of establishing the purpose,principles and rules of environmental legislation and classifying the environmental legal norms in environmental legislation,explaining the logic of environmental damage relief,the plaintiff qualification on the stakeholders of environmental assessment and the interest measurement standard in environmental law enforcement.