陕A群和陕B群选育玉米自交系的子粒脱水特性研究

Study on Grain Dehydration Characteristics of Maize Inbred Lines from Shaan A and Shaan B Group

以陕A群、陕B群选育11份不同熟期玉米自交系为材料,通过播期调整使所有材料同天授粉,同时利用烘箱法和电子水分测量仪法测定不同时期玉米子粒含水率,分析子粒水分动态变化规律和子粒脱水特性。通过比较分析两种方法,发现授粉35DAP后两种方法测定的子粒水分含量显著相关(P<0.05),此阶段电子水分测量仪法可替代烘箱法。聚类分析显示,可将11个试验材料划分为5种脱水类型,KB182和KA225为早熟脱水快型;KB207属于早熟脱水慢型;中熟材料KB089、KA147和XCA-1属于渐进脱水型;KA105属于晚熟脱水快型,KA327、2082和KB020属于晚熟脱水慢型。中熟材料KB089和晚熟材料KA105在同一熟期材料中达到最大灌浆速率所需时间较短,具有较快的灌浆速率且生理成熟期后脱水速率快的特点,可作为高产宜机收品种选育的优异种质应用于育种实践。

Eleven maize inbred lines with different maturity stages,which were selected from Shaanxi A and Shaanxi B groups,were used as materials in this study,and all materials were pollinated at the same day by adjusting sowing data.Meanwhile,the grain moisture at different pollination stages by the oven method and electronic moisture meter method were determined,and the dynamic changes of grain moisture and dehydration characteristics were analyzed.Through comparative analysis of the two methods,it was found that there was a significant correlation between the two methods(P<0.05)after 35DAP,so the electronic moisture meter method could replace the oven method from this stage.At the same time,experimental materials can be divided into five dehydration types by cluster analysis,as fast dehydration with early maturity(KB182 and KA225);slow dehydration with early maturity(KB207);progressive dehydration with medium maturity materials(KB089,KA147 and XCA-1);fast dehydration with late maturity(KA105);slow dehydration with early maturity type(KA327,2082 and KB020).Among them,KB089 with medium maturing material and KA105 with late maturing need less time to reach the maximum grain filling rate when compared to the same maturity material.Also,they have faster grain filling rate and faster dehydration rate after physiological maturity.They can be used as excellent germplasm for high yield and machine harvest varieties.