不同耕作措施土壤结构特征及其影响因素的研究进展

Research Progress on the Effects of Tillage on Soil Structure in Dry Farming Regions

综述不同耕作措施下土壤团聚体稳定性和孔隙结构特征的研究进展,归纳总结影响土壤结构稳定性的主要因素。结果表明,与传统翻耕相比,免耕、深松及其秸秆覆盖还田增加表层土壤大团聚体含量及稳定性,提高大孔隙数量和孔隙度。轮耕系统对土壤结构的影响在不同气候区域和土壤类型间差异较大。土壤结构稳定性与铁铝氧化物形态变化、有机质含量、蚯蚓数量、微生物和线虫丰度及多样性、根系构型及其分泌物、干湿交替及冻融交替次数等因素相关。针对目前研究现状,提出建立长期保护性耕作和轮耕体系监测系统,从铁铝氧化物形态变化、土壤微食物网结构和功能、根系驱动等研究方向进一步解析旱地耕作对土壤结构的影响机制。

The research progress on the effects of different tillage on soil aggregates stability and pore structure characteristics was reviewed in this article,and the main factors affected the soil structure were summarized.The results showed that,compared to conventional plough tillage,no-tillage and subsoiling tillage with straw mulch enhanced the large soil aggregates and aggregate stability,increased soil macropores and total porosity in surface soil.The effects of rotational tillage system on soil structure changed in different climatic regions and soil types.Soil structural stability was related to iron and aluminum oxides in morphological change,organic matter contents,earthworm quantity,abundance and diversity of microorganisms and nematodes,root morphology and exudates,alternation of dry-wet cycle or freeze-thaw cycle times.Based on the current research status,this article looks forward to the future research focus on building a long-term conservation tillage and rotational tillage system monitoring systems.The influence mechanism of tillage on soil structure need be further analyzed from the research directions of iron and aluminum oxides morphological change,microbial food web structure and function,root drive.