一次性施氮对寒地春玉米生长发育和子粒品质的调控及生产效益分析

Analysis of Single Basal Fertilization on Production Benefit,Growth and Grain Quality of Spring Maize in the Cold Regions of China

以高产玉米品种德美亚3号为试验材料,研究传统分期施肥(NP,364.5 kg/hm^(2))、氮肥一次性基施两种氮肥施用方式,N0.8(291.7 kg/hm^(2))、N0.9(328.1 kg/hm^(2))、N1.0(364.5 kg/hm^(2))、N1.1(401.0 kg/hm^(2))、N1.2(437.4 kg/hm^(2))共5个施氮量处理(氮肥一次性基施),不施肥(N0)为对照,研究其对春玉米地上部分农艺性状特征、子粒品质、产量及生产效益的影响。结果表明,增加氮肥的供给显著改善玉米植株的农艺性状,适宜氮素供给地上部低位节间机械强度显著提高,玉米产量及蛋白质含量和生产效益显著提高。适宜氮素供给调控下,显著改善植株的生长环境条件,氮素营养供给的时间和供给量与需求相匹配,倒伏率显著下降。改变传统的分期施肥为一次性缓释氮肥基施供给,施肥量在原施肥量的90%以上,协调氮素营养的供给与需求,显著提高地上部低位节间机械强度,产量和生产效益显著增加。

A field experiment was conducted on 2 nitrogen application methods,traditional stage fertilization(NP,364.5 kg/ha),and single basal fertilization,5 nitrogen application rates,N0.8(291.7 kg/ha),N0.9(328.1 kg/ha),N1.0(364.5 kg/ha),N1.1(401 kg/ha),N1.2(437.4 kg/ha),No nitrogen as control,to study the effects on the plant morphological,grain quality,yield and production benefit using the high-yielding maize variety Demeiya 3 as the test material.The results showed that increasing nitrogen supply significantly improved the plant morphological,the mechanical strength of lower internodes above ground were enhanced,the yield,grain protein content and production efficiency were also significantly improved,which was mainly due to the time and amount of nitrogen nutrition supply matched the demand,thus the plant growth environment was improved markedly under the control of suitable nitrogen supply,the lodging rate decreased observably with the increase of mechanical strength.Change the traditional stage fertilization to single basal slow-release nitrogen fertilizer,yield,and production efficiency when the amount of fertilizer was more than 90%of the original amount of fertilizer,which coordinated the supply and demand of nitrogen nutrition.