多中心视角下欧洲城市集配中心的建设模式与启示

International Experience and Implications of European Urban Consolidation Centers: A Polycentric Governance Perspective

建设城市集合配送中心是50多年来西方城市物流规划普遍使用的策略之一。本文首先回顾了欧洲城市从转运中心到集配中心的概念发展,介绍了目前集配中心的实践类型差异和实施成效,指出集配中心在开发理念、运营机制等方面存在的问题和转型策略。其次,针对可持续运营等问题,笔者引入城市治理的多中心理论,研究政府主导模式遭遇挑战的原因,分析政府和市场等主体在多中心理念下互动模式的灵活性与多样性;归纳了欧洲城市集配中心在创新经营模式、优化物流服务、平衡利益需求、建立保障措施等方面的具体策略,揭示了多中心理念在集配中心建设和运用过程中的价值创造过程,以及帮助实现经济、环境与社会可持续的综合效益。最后,文章阐述了欧洲城市集配中心多主体参与的建设和运营模式,并对我国城市开展类似实践提出建议。

Establishing urban consolidation centers(UCC) has been one of the most prevalent urban logistics policy schemes in the West for more than 50 years. This paper reviews the conceptual evolution of UCC in Europe and introduces its diversity in current practices and implementation effectiveness. Targeting the economic sustainability of UCC, this paper summarizes the challenges and subsequent shifts in development ideas and operation mechanisms. With the polycentric theory of urban governance, this paper attempts to explain the failure of the government-led UCC and shows how the f lexible engagement and diversified interaction of public and private stakeholders led to the success of UCC. The detailed strategies include innovating business model innovation, optimizing logistics ser vices, designing a balance of interests, and strengthening policy supports. These cases demonstrate how polycentrism achieves value creation in the context of UCC and displays the benefits created in economic, environmental, and social sustainability. This paper ends with the policy implications of polycentric UCC and suggestions for China carrying on similar works in the future.