日本都市再生的发展沿革、主体制度与实践模式研究

Research on the Development Process, Main System and Practice Mode of Urban Regeneration in Japan

城市更新是当前我国提升城市人居品质,推动城市高质量发展的重要战略抓手。目前以老旧小区改造为首的先行实践探索已广泛展开,为了更好地应对各类规划设计、利益协调等复杂的城市更新问题,并保证各项相关行动有依据、有激励、有保障,建设城市更新制度体系势在必行,而借鉴国际优质经验颇有裨益。日本经历了近20年的都市再生发展进程,至今已形成一套具有较强借鉴意义的城市更新体系。本文梳理了日本都市再生的制度、主体和实践发展沿革,并解析日本都市再生的三大主体制度模块与细化实践模式,探讨日本都市再生体系对我国的启示。日本经验表明,基于完整性、动态化、精细化、人本化的制度建设与应用,高度配套的政策引导,以及多主体充分联结的运行模式是其更新实践取得优质效果的关键原因,也启示未来我国应积极构建城市更新的总体制度框架,探索分项细化的城市更新模式,开辟“区域特例+商业化”的中国城市更新道路,并谨慎考量我国在城市体量、自主性与规制性、人民利益等方面问题的特殊性对制度建设产生的影响。

Urban renewal is an important strategy to improve the quality of urban human settlements and promote high-quality urban development. At present, the practices and explorations led by the transformation of old residential areas have been widely carried out. In order to better deal with various plannings and designs, interest coordination and other complex urban renewal problems,and ensure that the actions of urban renewal have basis, incentive and guarantee, the construction of urban renewal system is imperative. Japan has experienced nearly 20 years of urban regeneration development process, and has formed a set of urban renewal system with strong reference significance.Based on this, this paper combs the evolution of the system, subject and practice of urban regeneration in Japan, analyzes three main system modules and detailed practice mode of urban regeneration in Japan, and discusses the enlightenment of Japan’s urban regeneration system to China. Japan’s experience shows that the key reasons for the high-quality effect of urban renewal practice are the system construction and application based on integrity, dynamic, refinement and humanism,highly supporting policy guidance, and the operation mode of multi-agent full connection. It also enlightens that China should actively build the overall system framework of urban renewal in the future, and explore the “sub detailed” urban renewal mode. We should open up the path of “regional special case + commercialization” for urban renewal in China, and carefully consider the impact of the particularity of China’s urban scale, autonomy and regulation, and people’s interests on the construction of desirable system.